Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

General Discussion on any topic relating to CPAP and/or Sleep Apnea.
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Snoredog
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by Snoredog » Tue Oct 28, 2008 1:21 am

-SWS wrote:I'm certainly no medical pro or guru, but it sounds like SAG is wondering about the possibility of hypercapnia. One of the symptoms associated with hypercapnia is headaches.

Along that same line of thought Snoredog has been wondering about hypoventilation at night because of what just may be low apparent volumes. Sleep related hypoventilation is one possible cause of hypercapnia.
I was actually thinking the opposite of that (from same Wiki), HypOcapnia

You must have read my answer in that other post on Anxiety and CPAP (they are related in my opinion):
Snoredog wrote:My guess: Hypocapnia

from a Wiki that explains it well:
Hypocapnia or hypocapnea also known as hypocarbia, sometimes incorrectly called acapnia, is a state of reduced carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia usually results from deep or rapid breathing, known as hyperventilation.

Hypocapnia is the opposite of hypercapnia.
Even when severe, hypocapnia is normally well tolerated. However, hypocapnia causes cerebral vasoconstriction, leading to cerebral hypoxia and this can cause transient dizziness, visual disturbances, and anxiety. A low partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood also causes alkalosis (because CO2 is acidic in solution), leading to lowered plasma calcium ions and nerve and muscle excitability. This explains the other common symptoms of hyperventilation —pins and needles, muscle cramps and tetany in the extremities, especially hands and feet.
Hypocapnia is sometimes induced in the treatment of the medical emergencies, such as intracranial hypertension and hyperkalaemia.
Because the brain stem regulates breathing by monitoring the level of blood CO2, hypocapnia can suppress breathing to the point of blackout from cerebral hypoxia. Self-induced hypocapnia through hyperventilation is the basis for the deadly schoolyard fainting game. Deliberate hyperventilation has been unwisely used by underwater breath-hold divers to extend dive time but at the risk of shallow water blackout, which is a significant cause of drowning.
Link to the above Wiki where I stole the above explainification:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocapnia

Find yourself breathing rapidly? Probably why you have anxiety. I think more education on breathing is needed, there is a fine line between hypocapnia and hypercapnia. I find it ironic all our masks have vent rates that work for every patient. Or do they? If you already have anxiety and use like a Swift mask that really vacuums out your CO2, you are only making your condition worse.

My 90 year old mother has always controlled her anxiety and panic disorder by rebreathing in a brown paper lunch bag for a few minutes, worked like a charm. Why does that work? Because she is rebreathing her own exhaled CO2 which builds levels back up in her blood more towards the center.

I read one medical paper that suggested the Resperate (http://www.resperate.com) device made for biofeedback and controlling your blood pressure also works for controlling anxiety (although it is NOT FDA approved for that purpose). But this device works by retraining your breathing mainly slowing it down, the result is up to 30 point reduction in hypertension. I could find a lot more uses for that device. Have central apnea? don't let anyone convince you it is some neurological disorder cause it isn't. I'd research more on how to control it, controlling your breathing is one way. If you look at these machines designed to eliminate central apnea, that is all they do control your breathing, the condition that allows those centrals to exist go away. Now why hasn't Chest and these other journals come out and said that? It would be like finding the cause to heart attacks, can you imagine what that would do to the revenue stream for cardiovascular disease, they'd have to go find another disorder.

This is my long running theory, centrals are not bad they are the bodies only response when fighting against a mechanical device. You notice she didn't have any centrals on her split night diagnostic study.

Control her breathing with the SV side
Setup a "fixed" BPM mode in case something goes wrong

Its in her report bad machine or not, she is breathing too rapidly and too shallow, that is seen by peak volumes avg. 24ml and tidal volume in the 370's. She should be at least 500ml on exhale. Double your RR and you exhaust out twice as much CO2 at a faster rate. Go back to your I:E ratio, I think you were dead nuts right on.

Hypocapnia is caused either by DEEP breathing, or by Hyperventilation. Anxiety.... has your doctor ever asked you how fast you are breathing during the day? Make it a habit during the day and you will breathe like that during the night. Bev do you have hypertension? poor girl we have given her more than 50 dents already, what a trooper

Oh, I should add to the above why she gets headaches, it is from the vasoconstriction. The brain controls blood flow to itself either by dilating or constricting blood vessel diameter (see link below for picture) to increase blood flow during hypoxia like from apnea it dilates those blood vessels, this increases flow, more blood that gets to the brain more oxygen. Breath very deep for long periods it swings to the opposite side, the brain constricts cerebral vessels. It uses CO2 levels in the blood to regulate breathing. If that level gets too low it stops you from breathing by removing the respiratory drive and the result is a central apnea. As levels of CO2 build back up in your blood you start spontaneous breathing again.

http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=b ... dSerotonin
Image

You can see the constricted blood vessel on the left in the above cartoon, on the right the dilated vessel (much larger), attached to these blood vessels is the trigeminal nerve, at the end of that nerve is the serotonin receptors. "Nerves" don't like to be stretched and/or manipulated by a blood vessel changing shape, the result is the migraine pain you feel.

Sound familiar there SWS? Those same nerves are troublesome aren't they? I still got that drill ready man, I'll even watch that video again
someday science will catch up to what I'm saying...

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OutaSync
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by OutaSync » Tue Oct 28, 2008 5:35 am

Here, from last night
Image

I've never been checked for pulmonary disease, never smoked (been exposed to second hand smoke in a work environment where I was the only non-smoker. Can you believe they used to let people smoke in offices?). And, yes, exertion makes me short of breath, heart pound, headache and weak. The doctor has not asked me how I breathe during the day,

I took my first Lyrica last night. I slept pretty well, fewer wakinings. I noticed this morning before I turned off the machine that is was changing from 13.9 to 14.1 as I breathed. So, even though it's set for 14, it's measuring the difference between inhale and exhale.

Bev (who needs to get dressed and go to work)
Diagnosed 9/4/07
Sleep Study Titrated to 19 cm H2O
Rotating between Activa and Softgel
11/2/07 RemStar M Series Auto with AFlex 14-17
10/17/08 BiPAP Auto SV 13/13-23, BPM Auto, AHI avg <1

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StillAnotherGuest
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Morning, Bev!

Post by StillAnotherGuest » Tue Oct 28, 2008 5:42 am

-SWS wrote:I'm certainly no medical pro or guru, but it sounds like SAG is wondering about the possibility of hypercapnia. One of the symptoms associated with hypercapnia is headaches.
Right. And of equal importance will be the oxygenation parameters. Those desaturations are severe on diagnostic and will require close scrutiny as to origin, why they don't cause events to terminate sooner than do, yet why they are able to recover so quickly.

BTW Bev, was the oximetry probe (the infrared light sensor) on your finger, ear or forehead?

Have a good day!

SAG
Image

Aromatherapy may help CPAP compliance. Lavender, Mandarin, Chamomile, and Sweet Marjoram aid in relaxation and sleep. Nature's Gift has these and a blend of all four called SleepEase.

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OutaSync
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by OutaSync » Tue Oct 28, 2008 7:08 am

I'm thinking it was on my finger, but I may be confusing it with my surgery. I don't ever recall anyone saying that they were putting an oximeter on my forehead or ear. No, I'm pretty sure it was on my left finger.

Bev
Diagnosed 9/4/07
Sleep Study Titrated to 19 cm H2O
Rotating between Activa and Softgel
11/2/07 RemStar M Series Auto with AFlex 14-17
10/17/08 BiPAP Auto SV 13/13-23, BPM Auto, AHI avg <1

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Songbird
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by Songbird » Tue Oct 28, 2008 7:40 am

Snoredog wrote:Bev do you have hypertension? poor girl we have given her more than 50 dents already, what a trooper
Bev, I'm thinking if you don't by now, you will NEVER have hypertension. Dents? Honey, you could be Timex's new poster woman... TAKES A LICKING AND KEEPS ON TICKING!! And all with such grace. Hang in there... we're all pulling for you.

Speaking of troopers, I can think of four men in particular who have more than earned that moniker. Way to go, guys! You hang in there, too. What you're doing is nothing short of incredible, and on several levels.

Marsha
Last edited by Songbird on Tue Oct 28, 2008 7:59 am, edited 1 time in total.
Resp. Pro M Series CPAP @ 12 cm, 0 C-Flex, 0 HH & Opus 360 mask (backup: Hybrid) since 8/11/08; member since 7/23/08
A good laugh and a long sleep are the best cures in the doctor's book. ~ Irish Proverb

-SWS
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by -SWS » Tue Oct 28, 2008 7:59 am

Snoredog wrote:I was actually thinking the opposite of that (from same Wiki), HypOcapnia
I only knew that you were wondering about apparent low volumes on Bev's Encore charts compared to AVAPS target charts. Just a quick comment that if Bev has smaller lung capacity (volume wise, matching some of her slender build features) that her current volumes may actually be right on target for her. That situation will also bring her breath rate up to naturally compensate for those lower volumes per breath. In other words, the body tends to achieve its own target minute or sustained volumes by adjusting breath rate to match ongoing biologic requirements of capillary/tissue perfusion.

So one of the purposes of baselining Bev at her fairly efficacious 14 cm CPAP pressure, is to see what her natural volumes and breath rates tend to be without the influence of SV's wildly swinging PS. By looking at Bev's second night on autoSV, we can see that the SV machine just may have been over inflating Bev's lungs a bit. That's not only potentially disruptive to central regulation, but it's also potentially very uncomfortable, both biologically and psychologically. That situation is enough to wreck sleep and put the body in a slight crisis mode regarding heart & breath rate, arousals, awakenings, even C.A.P activity.

But back to the topic of hypocapnia versus hypercapnia. Bev might have an issue with either. If Bev's lung capacities and especially required inspiratory volumes are significantly greater than we happen to see on the charts (as we baseline at 14 cm) then a hypoventilation syndrome is, indeed, possible. We can't tell that with the highly basic autoSV monitoring currently employed. But a good old PSG can tell! Anyway, hypercapnia can be associated with hypoventilation syndromes. The headaches thus may be a symptom of sustained hypercapnia that SAG wants to further consider/investigate. The typical PSG does not monitor CO2, and here we have yet another candidate condition to add to the differential diagnostic process that seems to be occuring right here in this thread for lack of the same happening in Bev's doctor's office.

So if Bev has an issue with hypercapnia, it would be a problem with sustained or heightened CO2 levels in the blood. And so far differential diagnosis probably would not yet rule that possibility out. But Bev might actually have a problem with fleeting hypocapnia during sleep instead. And that opposite problem on a fleeting basis is the underlying issue behind CompSA/CSDB's central dysregulation: on a transient basis CO2 levels are insufficient or too low to sustain proper central regulation regarding inspiratory biologic triggers. The result in this transient hypocapnic case is unsteady breathing, approaching or matching periodic breathing, and even frank central apneas. This particular hypocapnic issue is not only a transient problem, but it seems to be exclusively associated or at least revealed with PAP use.
Snoredog wrote:I still got that drill ready man, I'll even watch that video again
Let's not over prepare for my DIY brain surgery!
Last edited by -SWS on Tue Oct 28, 2008 9:35 am, edited 4 times in total.

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OutaSync
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by OutaSync » Tue Oct 28, 2008 8:06 am

Thanks, Marsha. You are right, these folks have been wonderful to hang in with me.

Snoredog,
No, I don't have hypertension. My blood pressure right now is 120/78. Pulse 93. That's a little higher than usual.

Bev
Diagnosed 9/4/07
Sleep Study Titrated to 19 cm H2O
Rotating between Activa and Softgel
11/2/07 RemStar M Series Auto with AFlex 14-17
10/17/08 BiPAP Auto SV 13/13-23, BPM Auto, AHI avg <1

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rested gal
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by rested gal » Tue Oct 28, 2008 9:49 am

OutaSync wrote:No, I don't have hypertension. My blood pressure right now is 120/78. Pulse 93. That's a little higher than usual.

Bev
Well, no wonder.... the sound of a drill being revved up in the distance raises my blood pressure too. Even if the drill is intended for someone else!
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by OutaSync » Tue Oct 28, 2008 10:51 am

Ozji said , " So, which smartcard were you using in the machine, Bev? Did you set yourself up as new patient? Did you use a
smartcard the SV had? Insert your own from the Auto without erasing it?"

I used the new card that came with the SV and opened a new patient on Encore.

Bev
Diagnosed 9/4/07
Sleep Study Titrated to 19 cm H2O
Rotating between Activa and Softgel
11/2/07 RemStar M Series Auto with AFlex 14-17
10/17/08 BiPAP Auto SV 13/13-23, BPM Auto, AHI avg <1

-SWS
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by -SWS » Tue Oct 28, 2008 11:46 am

Bev, also wondering how you feel today having combined Lyrica with a steady 14 cm pressure? Is that subjective feeling comparable or typical of your APAP 14-17 cm therapy?

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OutaSync
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by OutaSync » Tue Oct 28, 2008 1:29 pm

I feel like I could fall over today. So sleepy. Don't know if it was the late bedtime (gotta watch Boston Legal) or the Lyrica kicking in.

The machine was so quiet last night, I hardly heard it over my mask exhaust.

Bev
Diagnosed 9/4/07
Sleep Study Titrated to 19 cm H2O
Rotating between Activa and Softgel
11/2/07 RemStar M Series Auto with AFlex 14-17
10/17/08 BiPAP Auto SV 13/13-23, BPM Auto, AHI avg <1

-SWS
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by -SWS » Tue Oct 28, 2008 1:34 pm

Lyrica does a real sleepy number on me the first couple/few days I start up. Some people have to discontinue Lyrica altogether because that daytime somnolence effect never leaves.

For me it's almost as if I have a few days of sleep debt to pay back and then I'm good with Lyrica after that. Then again, there could be an altogether different biochemical adaptation process occurring when I first start Lyrica.
Last edited by -SWS on Tue Oct 28, 2008 1:43 pm, edited 1 time in total.

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dsm
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by dsm » Tue Oct 28, 2008 1:42 pm

Bev,

That machine going quiet is an experience I have had with a couple of these Bipap units that have the blower & airvalve. It seems as if the motor has to be 'run in' and that in time it settles down. Mine now still does start the night with some 'whitw noise' (no whine) but in middlenight or early morn, can hardly hear it at all.

Also, re Bev's resp rate - for Bev's size I don't see av of 16 as any real issue. Remember Laryssa, her rate was over 32 average. Mine is around 15 average and my tidal flow is quite a bit higher than Bev's. The rate and her volume imply Bev may breathing in a shallow manner ?.

SAG, what thoughts re Bev's rate & volume ?

DSM
xPAP and Quattro std mask (plus a pad-a-cheek anti-leak strap)

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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by -SWS » Tue Oct 28, 2008 1:45 pm

There may not even be an issue with Bev currently at 17.5 BPM, if that's what most efficiently accommodates her lung capacity/volume and capillary/tissue perfusion needs. Generally, the smaller the lungs, the higher the BPM required to achieve adequate capillary/tissue perfusion.

At 17.5 BPM while using 14 cmH2O CPAP above, her tidal volume, peak flow, and even BPM graphs are starting to smooth out---and she didn't score any periodic breathing either. Too bad we can't see the O2/CO2 blood gas picture as well. Another advantage of that PSG titration/study, which I think Bev also understandably prefers and is garnering data toward.
Last edited by -SWS on Tue Oct 28, 2008 2:42 pm, edited 1 time in total.

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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by Snoredog » Tue Oct 28, 2008 2:41 pm

-SWS wrote:There may not even be an issue with Bev currently at 17.5 BPM, if that's what most efficiently accommodates her lung capacity/volume and capillary/tissue perfusion needs. Generally, the smaller the lungs, the higher the BPM required to achieve adequate capillary/tissue perfusion.
I'm sure you are wanting to get at least a week's worth of average for that BPM before coming to any conclusion, but if her RR is 17.5 on avg, and if we break it down to find breath duration (60 /17.5=3.43 /2 =1.7 for I:E), would you deduct from that her Inspiration time of 1.7 seconds?

Hypothetically, if we take that avg. BPM=17.5 and minus -2 that works out to (60/15.5=3.87/2=1.9 for I:E) in any backup mode setting.

And I agree, Bev seems to be petite from her physique, so her having a lower lung volume than what any chart says would be expected as you suggested.

She only slept 7 hours last night, hard to tell if that is a good sign or bad, if she slept better it may mean she got better rest and didn't need to sleep as long, either that or it was a rough night.
someday science will catch up to what I'm saying...