Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

General Discussion on any topic relating to CPAP and/or Sleep Apnea.
-SWS
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by -SWS » Tue Oct 07, 2008 8:33 pm

Snoredog, your humorous crack reminded me of that funny yet bizarre trepanation thread on TAS years ago.
jnk wrote:Bev, I really look forward to seeing how things go for you.

-SWS, I wish something like a low dose of Trileptal could do the trick for you. Sorry, man.
Thanks, jnk! I'll definitely research that one.



Bev, I have high hopes for you as well. I'll definitely help out. Absolutely.

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dsm
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by dsm » Tue Oct 07, 2008 8:48 pm

OutaSync wrote:Wow! I think I actually understood that! I have to tell you, SWS, that you often go waaaaay over my head. I've lost too many brain cells to keep up with most of what you write. (Is it just me? ) You guys must have gotten diagnosed while you were still young.

So, you all will help me get set up when I get a new machine? And don't worry, I understand that there are no guarantees. I've come too far to quit now. A year ago, I had nights where I wasn't breathing for 40 minutes.

You all are fantastic. You may have saved another life, here.


Bev
Bev,

We have a very good range of experience here on all these types of machines & there is nothing nicer than helping someone who understands what their problem is & can follow good advice.

Re the SV machine & how it responds to AIs vs HIs vs irregular breathing.

I still get AIs & my base pressure on the machine is 11 CMs (ipap = 14) but the score is typically lower than 1.0 per night & that is better than the average population. If I ghave a cold or some other disturbance (such as a party night) I often see AIs go to 2.0 perhaps even rarely 3.0.

HIs seem nonexistent but because this machine monitors each breath and halfway through can decide the target Peak Flow isn't going to be met will boost pressure higher so I would expect HIs to be almost non-existant. For me the machine regularly boost pressure when I drop below Peak Flow target & the machine will go as high as 20 CMs with my current setting but the incredible thing is I never really notice as I am usually too happily off in dreamland. When I do wake & feel these boosts, they seem incredibly gentle & I don't seem to get the leaks I would expect with such pressure ranging. Leaks from the boosting just don't happen even if commonsense suggests they may. The same is not true with the Vpap SV. It tracks breathing so tightly that any deviation in breathing & it is all over you but its responses are not gentle like the Bipap SV's.

The Vpap SV is ideal for people with serious irregular breathing as it takes very tight control. The Bipap SV is far better for normal xPAPers who find that std CPAP & APAP just don't seem to sustain good results even if the numbers look ok. The Vpap SV I have leaks regularly when it boosts pressure. I am still trying to understand this aspect but I put it down to the Vpap SV just being to damned quick off the mark with any irregularity even if it just me turning over - whump it hits me immediately with a boost & persists, but the bipap SV lags & often by the time I come right it was just gently adding a boost thus the situation passes.

Despite any theoretical comments by others as too if the SV can deal with AIs, I find it can but my stats show that a few will often get through - just what those really are though is open to interpretation. Normally we set the epap base to deal with AIs - 10 CMs (I set my epap to 11 CMs as when I measure epap at the mask with a dial manometer it shows as 10 Cms & I have long been aware of a 1 CMs loss in a 6' hose at 11 CMs of cpap pressure at the machine). The Vpap SV doesn't need that 1 CM adjustment as it samples the pressure right at your face & is dead accurate (and thus very very tightly in control ).

Also, when anyone talks about how a timed Bilevel will boost your breathing if you fall below the timed rate (or backup rate), the ability of the machine to get you breathing again depends on what you set the epap - ipap gap to. If it is set at say 2 CMs = then the machine switching from say 11 CMs epap to 13 CMs ipap may not be enough to get you going again. The gap has to be tuned to the person and be adequate enough that when the epap-ipap switch occurs, you get the message - BREATHE- loud and clear. The downside of too big a gap is that it can trigger hyperventilation & I can demo that on myself with a 7 CMs gap. The restorative effect of the epap-ipap gap also gets diluted when people increase their rise time which many do, not realizing they are lowering the effect of the start breathing again trigger.

The Bipap SV is like any other bilevel in regard to timed mode but it has one extra trick up its sleeve. Once you have started to breath again, it will ensure you reach your Peak Flow target quickly by raising pressure enough to make it happen.
#2 Correction made here.
After doing tests last night I was able to show that the Bipap SV *will* increase Ipap pressure if it detects zero flow (a central). Each time it cycles back to ipap while trying to get you breathing, it added approx (my guess) 3 CMs pressure in my case & kept adding it each new ipap cycle until you breathe again at which time it reverts to normal tracking. I belive it will go from IpapMin to IpapMax in 3 breathing cycles (but am not 100% certain of this). The timed mode overrides the boost effect (i.e. it won't suddenly ram lots of air into you if you are in the middle of a central, but it will keep bumping up Ipap and as mentioned, within 3 cycles will take ipap to IpapMAX (on my machine that is 20 CMs)), it uses the epap-ipap-epap-ipap switching to start you breathing then once it knows you are it brings you right back to your targeted peak flow within 3 breathing cycles. My educated guess in regard to the Vpap SV, is that it tries to bring you into line within a single breathing cycle & this can be counter productive if you merely turned over in your sleep for any normal reason. The Vpap SVs quick reactions seem to foster leaks as well as arousals & many who I have spoken to who use Vpap SVs comment on not feeling they are sleeping as deeply as they would like. For me, the consistent deep dreamy sleeps started the day I used the Bipap SV. The deep dreamy sleeps turn into 'rested wakefulness' the moment I swap to the Vpap SV. The success of the Bipap SV for myself leads me to call it my 'Dream Machine'.

So AFAICT - the Bipap SV has one hell of a well designed algorithm (certainly for me) - very very well thought out and very very gentle & very very effective. This machine is what AUTOs would like to be but aren't !.

DSM
Last edited by dsm on Thu Oct 09, 2008 3:41 pm, edited 3 times in total.
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by dsm » Tue Oct 07, 2008 9:22 pm

Bev,

Re aerophagia. Mine was so bad on my Auto (Remsatr tank auto) that I began getting distressed about it. Belching (from either end) also disturbed my wife. When I use my Resmed S8 I get slightly more aerophagia than when using the Bipap SV. On the S8 I run it at 13 CMs with EPR at 3 (equiv to 10/13 bilevel). It gets me by but is not the Dream Machine my Bipap SV is.

I am on pariet GERD med - 1 tiny tablet a day - I recently went to my doctor & suggetsed I be put on 1 in the morning & 1 at night - he researched the possibilities & then agreed to it - 2 per day doesn't seem to have changed things for me - I was hoping that it might reduce the effects I feel from throat mucus that forms as a barrier to the stomach acid seeping up.

But what I can say is that on the Bipap SV and despite it going to 20 CMs at least 7-12 times per night. My aerophagia is minimal & tolerable enough that myself & wife can get by ok. Again, If I had been asked to predict the side effects of going to 20 CMs several times a night I would have got it completely wrong because I would have predicted 1) Greater aerophagia, 2) Many leaks, 3) Many arousals, and 4) Shallow sleep - NONE of these things is happening for me. But if I use a Cpap at 15-16 CMS I get all 4 symptoms & thus am really delighted that the Bipap SV doesn't cause these effects.

So I understand that some of the theorists among us who haven't used a Bipap SV, will make predictions akin to what I would have had I not used one.

Rested Gal in a recent post elsewhere provided a good insight as to why bilevel seems to work well at higher pressures for many people including herself, this is that the difference in pressure between breath-in and breath-out make it feel natural even if the epap pressure is higher than you might tolerate on straight cpap.

Aerophagia for me, a GERD sufferer was always worst when I was on straight CPAP. C-flex at 3 made it even worse - C-Flex of 1 was OK. EPR on an S8 machine set to 3 is OK (about equiv to C-Flex at 1). Bilevel is way out in front as the best relief I have seen for aeropghagia. I am sure a majority of bilevel users who have been on CPAP and experienced aerophagia would agree.

Cheers

DSM
xPAP and Quattro std mask (plus a pad-a-cheek anti-leak strap)

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ozij
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by ozij » Tue Oct 07, 2008 11:57 pm

Respironics wrote:Auto CPAP is a pro-active therapy that responds to early indications of obstructions in an attempt to avoid obstructive events. Small degrees of flow limitation will generally occur before complete obstruction or apnea occurs. When set for Auto CPAP therapy, the REMstar Auto with C-Flex system starts off at the minimum pressure setpoint for 5 minutes. It then actively tests for flow limitation instead of waiting for it to occur. The REMstar Auto with C-Flex performs two types of tests: Pcrit, and Popt. These two tests allow the pressure to be maintained at a level in which obstruction is not likely to occur, but is also not unnecessarily high.
While in Ptherapy mode, if flow limitation occurs during the last 4 breaths or over several minutes, the algorithm begins a Popt search.
My emphasis.

I understand this to mean that after 5 minutes the algrithm actively analyses the data for indications of small degrees for flow limitation. It certainly does not search for flow limitations be moving the pressure up! I see no reason to assume the algorithm will go searching upwards for improved pressure unless something triggers that upwards search. The way I understand it, the search for optimum pressure ("improvement") will start only when the present pressure - in this case Bev's min. - is not good enough and small degrees of flow limitations are found.

We have seen in the past a huge discrepancy between Resprionics' reported flow limitations, and PB's. It think what Respironics reports as a flow limtations may be quite different from what it considers a "small degree of flow limitation" justifying a search for higher pressure that is better that the present one.

Which is why I think, Bev, that jogging the min. just a bit upwards is the best thing to do immediately.

As for the PSG data: Bev spent all of 3.6 minutes of Non REM sleep at that pressure of 19/15.

I think the longer apneas can be helped if the pressure support is higher, since, all other things being equal, with higher pressure, the beginning of the airway collapse can be postponed.

O.

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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by Snoredog » Wed Oct 08, 2008 1:04 am

ozij wrote: Which is why I think, Bev, that jogging the min. just a bit upwards is the best thing to do immediately.

As for the PSG data: Bev spent all of 3.6 minutes of Non REM sleep at that pressure of 19/15.

I think the longer apneas can be helped if the pressure support is higher, since, all other things being equal, with higher pressure, the beginning of the airway collapse can be postponed.

O.
What are you trying to fix with that pressure increase? What will that do?

Her last Encore report indicates a AHI of only .09 and that is over 8-10 hours in a sleep session, I doubt you are going to improve on that score any as you can count the events individually as it is. If you study Remstar reports you'll find that Popt search probing the Remstar does to be pretty common and been on Remstars now for several generations. It is explained in the Windows analytical simulation program on the algorithm.

I thought I indicated she didn't have any REM (not non-REM) at 19/15 in that post? she also had zero Centrals or Mixed events showing up at that same pressure, the absence of events means stabilized breathing. Think I also mentioned in that same post she needs to consider the RDI of 33 seen as those can be micro arousals. If her apnea seen are longer it is most likely because they were mixed events as listed on the report, starting obstructive, ending central, one was 84 seconds in duration, quite long time of not breathing that should result in a lower SA02. But if she was still having 84 second events I'd think there would be more double tics showing on her Encore reports. The lab report is only a baseline on how she did on bi-level, it is easy to see why she indicates things fall apart at 12/8 pressure. If she had another titration on CPAP in the lab for comparison that would be interesting to see. Any way you look at it, she didn't do well on the bilevel titration she was all over the place going to the maximum pressure to see any kind of REM.
someday science will catch up to what I'm saying...

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ozij
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by ozij » Wed Oct 08, 2008 1:30 am

Snoredog wrote:What are you trying to fix with that pressure increase? What will that do?
ozij wrote: The way I understand it, the search for optimum pressure ("improvement") will start only when the present pressure - in this case Bev's min. - is not good enough and small degrees of flow limitations are found.
With less minute flow limitations and less searching for improvement her sleep may be better.

Nothing to do with the machines reproted numbers.
ozij wrote: It think what Respironics reports as a flow limtations may be quite different from what it considers a "small degree of flow limitation" justifying a search for higher pressure that is better that the present one.
ozij wrote:As for the PSG data: Bev spent all of 3.6 minutes of Non REM sleep at that pressure of 19/15.
O.

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StillAnotherGuest
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On Various...

Post by StillAnotherGuest » Wed Oct 08, 2008 4:12 am

Snoredog wrote:the absence of events means stabilized breathing.
Not necessarily. It can also mean stabilized sleep. For instance, SWS (the sleep kind, not the not the palabrating kind) is very airway-stabilizing.

Which makes me wonder about that hypnogram (there was a hypnogram, wasn't there? Or is that the 'shrooms again?) where that initial block of SWS has horrific desats. That area really needs to be dissected.
Snoredog wrote:they were mixed events as listed on the report, starting obstructive, ending central
That's the other way around, mixed apneas start out central and then become obstructive.
Snoredog wrote:Any way you look at it, she didn't do well on the bilevel titration she was all over the place going to the maximum pressure to see any kind of REM.
Overall, that hypnogram has the appearance of drug-effect, like at least a REM-suppressing medication of some sort.

SAG
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Aromatherapy may help CPAP compliance. Lavender, Mandarin, Chamomile, and Sweet Marjoram aid in relaxation and sleep. Nature's Gift has these and a blend of all four called SleepEase.

-SWS
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by -SWS » Wed Oct 08, 2008 7:29 am

Bev, do you happen to have any more charts from your sleep studies that you wouldn't mind posting for further group analysis and discussion?

Always interested in hearing SAG's professional and even off-the-cuff thoughts. Besides, he was nice enough to invent the word palabrating (which I presume means "palate vibrating" for the non-slow-wave sleep case).

SIncerely,
Mr. "Minus Slow Wave Sleep" ("-SWS")

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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by jnk » Wed Oct 08, 2008 8:07 am

-SWS wrote:. . . the word palabrating (which I presume means "palate vibrating" for the non-slow-wave sleep case).
Thanks for the definition. I was beginning to think that my Frenchfried/Spanglish/Latinglish dictionary needed some repalabration.

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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by StillAnotherGuest » Wed Oct 08, 2008 8:29 am

Hey, -sws, I heard there's a celebration in The Second CIty today making the anniversary of "The Great Fire" of 1871, including a ceremony at Mrs. O'Leary's Barn, complete with a cake with 137 candles on it.

Hope it don't scare the cow.

Meanwhile, SAG is off on his annual "Fall Foliage and Wildlife Appreciation Tour" ("Oh WOW, look at that!! Pass me my rifle!!")

Oooops!

"Sorry, Mrs. O'Leary!!"

"She'll be OK once the bleeding stops!!"

SAG
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Aromatherapy may help CPAP compliance. Lavender, Mandarin, Chamomile, and Sweet Marjoram aid in relaxation and sleep. Nature's Gift has these and a blend of all four called SleepEase.

-SWS
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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by -SWS » Wed Oct 08, 2008 9:09 am

Image

But on a serious note... Chicago may be an urban area, but we've always had a hell of a time with our barnyard critters. Between that cow and that goat sleep disorders in the metro Chicago area are a walk in the park.

Speaking of a nice walk amidst trees, enjoy that foliage! Sounds like the leaves turn red much quicker way up yonder, in your neck of the woods.

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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by -SWS » Wed Oct 08, 2008 9:25 am

-SWS wrote:Sounds like the leaves turn red much quicker way up yonder, in your neck of the woods.
That reminds me... Did you hear about the town that called in a specialist having one degree in forestry and another degree in otolaryngology?

They were fairly convinced that something wasn't quite right up in their neck of the woods...
jnk wrote:I was beginning to think that my Frenchfried/Spanglish/Latinglish dictionary needed some repalabration.
That was one of the better puns I've heard in a long time... Thanks for a good laugh!

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Re: On Various...

Post by Snoredog » Wed Oct 08, 2008 12:13 pm

Thanks for the clarification,
StillAnotherGuest wrote:
Which makes me wonder about that hypnogram (there was a hypnogram, wasn't there? Or is that the 'shrooms again?) where that initial block of SWS has horrific desats. That area really needs to be dissected.
Gotta be the shrooms again, at least I haven't seen her hypnogram or spectrogram, only her titration table results shown in this tread on page 1. We have been working with her for a while with the auto's settings, only after seeing that Lab titration table did we realize she had centrals or the makings of CSDB.
StillAnotherGuest wrote: Overall, that hypnogram has the appearance of drug-effect, like at least a REM-suppressing medication of some sort.

SAG
I believe she mentioned taking Ambien in the past, but I doubt she was taking that during the referenced PSG summary results, but I could be wrong.

Wouldn't the long duration of her apnea (84 seconds as shown on the chart) account for those desats you mention? Her avg. or mean O2 is not bad.
someday science will catch up to what I'm saying...

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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by -SWS » Wed Oct 08, 2008 1:05 pm

ozij wrote:
Respironics wrote:Auto CPAP is a pro-active therapy that responds to early indications of obstructions in an attempt to avoid obstructive events. Small degrees of flow limitation will generally occur before complete obstruction or apnea occurs. When set for Auto CPAP therapy, the REMstar Auto with C-Flex system starts off at the minimum pressure setpoint for 5 minutes. It then actively tests for flow limitation instead of waiting for it to occur. The REMstar Auto with C-Flex performs two types of tests: Pcrit, and Popt. These two tests allow the pressure to be maintained at a level in which obstruction is not likely to occur, but is also not unnecessarily high.
While in Ptherapy mode, if flow limitation occurs during the last 4 breaths or over several minutes, the algorithm begins a Popt search.
My emphasis.

I understand this to mean that after 5 minutes the algrithm actively analyses the data for indications of small degrees for flow limitation. It certainly does not search for flow limitations be moving the pressure up! I see no reason to assume the algorithm will go searching upwards for improved pressure unless something triggers that upwards search. The way I understand it, the search for optimum pressure ("improvement") will start only when the present pressure - in this case Bev's min. - is not good enough and small degrees of flow limitations are found.
The Pcrit (critical pressure) routine is a recurring downward pressure-probing test that begins after five minutes. Critical pressure, or Pcrit, is that pressure at which transluminal airway collapse just barely begins to occur. So when the algorithm routinely looks for an optimal pressure, it does so by first intentionally inducing a minor flow limitation (an inconsequential and ever-so-slight transluminal airway collapse because of that pressure drop).

Once the algorithm determines a present Pcrit value by dropping pressure, the next part of the test is to determine a present Popt value, or "optimal pressure". That's an upward pressure probe, as the algorithm tries to find the lowest pressure that will reduce all signs of flow limitation. So this routine or periodic search for optimum pressure always entails a methodical pressure drop followed by a pressure increase. The routine will be overridden and disallowed when higher-priority algorithmic control layers are active.

But let's pretend that a natural flow limitation occurs while the above test is not being performed. There's now absolutely no benefit or need for the algorithm to search for Pcrit. The flow limitation situation is already critical by definition regarding slight transluminal airway collapse. So instead of executing the Pcrit part of the test, the algorithm will address that natural and spontaneous flow limitation by performing only the Popt part of the routine.
Last edited by -SWS on Wed Oct 08, 2008 1:19 pm, edited 1 time in total.

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Re: Why doesn't APAP respond to apneas?

Post by Snoredog » Wed Oct 08, 2008 1:17 pm

-SWS wrote: Once the algorithm determines a present Pcrit value by dropping pressure, the next part of the test is to determine a present Popt value, or "optimal pressure". That's an upward pressure probe, as the algorithm tries to find the lowest pressure that will reduce all signs of flow limitation. So this routine or periodic search for optimum pressure always entails a methodical pressure drop followed by a pressure increase.
Exactly, and that upward pressure probe happens about ever 5 minutes and can be seen on Bev's Encore Report, its the little chair step of pressure seen on her report when there are no events happening. It goes up 1 cm, then another and drops (looks like a chair on the report ever 5 minutes).

I think the probe ends or locks out after an event is seen (period of minutes, think it is 15 minutes) so during those times you won't see the pressure probes and only the baseline pressure.
someday science will catch up to what I'm saying...