Throat Air Bubbles / Improving BiPaP Therapy

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Tired567
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Throat Air Bubbles / Improving BiPaP Therapy

Post by Tired567 » Wed Nov 16, 2022 3:39 pm

Hello,

This past year I was diagnosed with UARS due to daytime fatigue, RDI of 12, and an AHI of 1. 
In April, I was placed on a Resmed Airsense 11 APAP. After struggling with aerophagia issues (and not much improvement in daytime symptoms), I was moved to the Resmed Aircurve 10 BiPAP in September. 

1) Aerophagia: The classic aerophagia symptoms (bloating, inflating stomach, gas, etc) have resolved themselves. Instead, I now wake up to incredible painful bubbles forming in my throat, near my Adam's apple. It almost feels like the bubbles are just sitting there. If I swallow them, I can feel them move down my esophagus into my stomach. 

I cannot figure out the cause. They started around when I increased my pressure, started wearing a chin strap, and stopped antacid medications. 
I have now restarted antacid medication and stopped wearing the chin strap. The bubbles immediately went away for about two weeks, during which I increased pressure, but they are now coming back.

Other posts describing the same throat bubbling issue:
A) viewtopic/t3862/APAP-vs-BiPAP-for-aerophagia.html
(Posted by momexp5 » Thu Jul 28, 2005 3:09 pm)

B) viewtopic.php?f=1&t=171979&p=1281926&hi ... t#p1281926
(Posted by zonker » Sun Dec 30, 2018 5:53 pm)

Question: Any idea what causes these bubbles and how to stop them?

2) Daytime fatigue/Nighttime awakening: I'm still waking up 8-10x per night and feeling dizzy/tired during the day. My OSCAR charts show awake breathing every 30-45 minutes every night. I have included two OSCAR charts below. The first one is from last night, with fixed Epap 7, Ipap 11. The second chart is from about 3 weeks ago, when I set the BiPAP to auto mode (flexible pressure).

Question: Any suggestions on how I can improve my BiPAP therapy based on my OSCAR charts?

Chart 1: 11/15 Night
Image

Chart 2
Image

I appreciate in advance any assistance you can provide! :)

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Re: Throat Air Bubbles / Improving BiPaP Therapy

Post by robysue1 » Wed Nov 16, 2022 5:06 pm

Welcome to the forum!
Tired567 wrote:
Wed Nov 16, 2022 3:39 pm
1) Aerophagia: The classic aerophagia symptoms (bloating, inflating stomach, gas, etc) have resolved themselves. Instead, I now wake up to incredible painful bubbles forming in my throat, near my Adam's apple. It almost feels like the bubbles are just sitting there. If I swallow them, I can feel them move down my esophagus into my stomach. 

I cannot figure out the cause. They started around when I increased my pressure, started wearing a chin strap, and stopped antacid medications. 
I have now restarted antacid medication and stopped wearing the chin strap. The bubbles immediately went away for about two weeks, during which I increased pressure, but they are now coming back.

<stuff deleted>

Question: Any idea what causes these bubbles and how to stop them?
Since the bubbles started when you started wearing a chin strap and went away (at least temporarily) when you stopped wearing the chin strap, it sounds like you may have been leaking a small amount of air through your mouth without the chinstrap. And with the chinstrap, that air is getting caught in the upper airway somehow. The increase in pressure probably aggravated the situation by providing more air that could get trapped.

Questions: Why did you increase the pressure? What was your goal for doing so? How much did you increase the pressure? Did you increase, decrease or leave PS the same when you increased the pressure?

If it were me, I would consider decreasing the pressure back to where it was before the air bubbles in the throat thing started, at least for a couple of days. During this experiment, I wouldn't worry to much about AHI---your problem on your diagnostic sleep test is RERAs, not apneas and hypopneas. So chances are that during the periods when you are actually getting some sleep with the machine, you probably won't be experiencing enough apneas and hypopneas to really worry about.

In other words, focus on comfort for a few days: Does lowering the pressure end the problem with air bubbles? Does ending the problem with air bubbles help you get better sleep and in turn help you feel better in the daytime?

2) Daytime fatigue/Nighttime awakening: I'm still waking up 8-10x per night and feeling dizzy/tired during the day. My OSCAR charts show awake breathing every 30-45 minutes every night.
Have the wakes gotten worse or stayed about the same since the air bubble problem started?

Also: Are you scrolling through the Oscar flow rate data zoomed in close enough for you to see the times you think you are awake? Or are you guesstimating that you're waking up 8-10 times based on what you remember about the night when you get up in the morning?

Also: How long do you think you are actually awake during these periods? Do you remember any of the wakes when you get up in the morning? And do you remember having serious problems getting back to sleep after any of them?

The reason I'm asking is that it's kind of important to understand if you've got objective evidence of the number of wakes or if you are basing the number on what you think you recall happening. Sometimes people with sleep maintenance insomnia will think they're awake when they're actually in very light sleep. Or sometimes when they're in very light sleep, they'll wake up all the way and have trouble getting back to sleep.

I'll also ask this as well: Do you have something like an Apple Watch or a FitBit that can track sleep? Sometimes comparing the FitBit/Apple Watch data to the flow rate data in Oscar can help you tease apart whether something you think might be evidence of wake breathing in the flow rate is really just something like breathing in very light sleep while turning over in bed. But sometimes comparing the two sets of data will help you confirm just how bad the wakes are and how long they last.

As for the data you posted, there's nothing that screams, Fix ME! That's not to say that doing some dial-winging isn't going to help. It's rather that the data is not showing what kind of dial-winging to do.

If I were in your situation (and I have been there), I'd focus on things that would address the numerous wakes that you think are happening. Right now you think you're waking up every 30-45 minutes, and that means you're not getting full sleep cycles in between the wakes. (A full sleep cycle typically takes about 90 minutes or so.) If you can find a way to consolidate your sleep so that you can get a full sleep cycle in between the wakes, you probably will start to feel better, even if you continue to wake up briefly at the end of each full sleep cycle. (It's not uncommon to very briefly awaken at the end of each sleep cycle.) The long term goal is to make all those post full sleep cycle wakes so short you don't remember them.

Consolidation of sleep cycles can be a bit of a tough cookie to crack. The easiest starting point is to look at your sleep hygiene. "Sleep hygiene" is made up of things like:
  • Do you have a regular bedtime? Do you get up at the same time every day?
  • Do you go to bed only when you are sleepy?
  • How long does it take you to get to sleep at the beginning of the night? How long does it take you to get back to sleep after you wake up in the middle of the night?
  • Do you clock watch? In other words, when you find yourself tossing and turning, do you keep looking at your watch, clock, or phone to try to figure out if you've gotten any sleep?
  • How much caffeine do you have each day? How late in the day is your last caffeinated beverage?
  • Do you drink alcohol? How close to bedtime do you drink?
  • How close to bedtime do you typically have supper?
  • Do you use the bed and bedroom for things other than sleep and sex?
  • Do you watch TV in bed? Do you spend a lot of time looking at your phone in bed? Do you spend time looking at your computer in bed?
  • Do you have a relaxing bedtime routine?
  • Is your bedroom at a comfortable temperature setting? Is the bedroom dark enough to encourage sleep?
  • How much sleep do you think you get when you are in bed for 7 or 8 hours?
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Re: Throat Air Bubbles / Improving BiPaP Therapy

Post by Tired567 » Wed Nov 16, 2022 6:18 pm

Hi robysue1! Thanks for the very detailed response!

1) Why did you increase the pressure? What was your goal for doing so? How much did you increase the pressure? Did you increase, decrease or leave PS the same when you increased the pressure?

I increased the pressure because the 95% pressure was usually between 11.8–12. I also noticed that many nights I would get out of bed after a pickup in pressure (marked in OSCAR as a reset in pressure due to power on/off), indicating either the pressure ramp was waking me up, or I was having events causing me to wakeup, and the machine was not treating them quickly enough.

Here are two charts (link) that are representative of nights when I awake when the pressure ramps up.

I left PS at 4, and ramped up from a minimum IPAP of 10 to 11.4. No air bubbles until 11, and then they started when I went from IPAP 11 to 11.4, and even last night at 11.2. I am not using the chin strap currently, but the air bubbles have returned. Though, when I was using the chin strap, Min IPAP was about 1-1.5 lower, though, at times throughout the night, the pressure exceeded my current fixed level of 11-11.4.

2) I appreciate your suggestion to decrease pressure back down. My concern is, if I am sensitive to the nighttime pressure increases, or the auto mode is not adequately treating my minor breathing events, I actually need to increase the minimum pressure. I spent about 6-7 months at a lower minimum pressure on auto mode and slept awfully.

3) Are you scrolling through the Oscar flow rate data zoomed in close enough for you to see the times you think you are awake? Or are you guesstimating that you're waking up 8-10 times based on what you remember about the night when you get up in the morning?

Yes I am. I am looking for awake breathing where the flow signal goes crazy. Also, my internal estimate is that I have 2-3 major awakenings per night, and 8-10 awakenings where I'm awake, turn over, and fall right back asleep.

4) How long do you think you are actually awake during these periods? Do you remember any of the wakes when you get up in the morning? And do you remember having serious problems getting back to sleep after any of them?

Ranging from 30 seconds to 30 minutes.

5) Sleep Hygiene: I have done Sleep Restriction Therapy twice in an attempt to consolidate my sleep. I also follow strict sleep hygiene rules, such as what you listed, for years. No alcohol period, a little caffeine earlier in the day, no nighttime screens, regular bed/awakening time, etc, etc.

6) You wrote that: "you may have been leaking a small amount of air through your mouth without the chinstrap. And with the chinstrap, that air is getting caught in the upper airway somehow."

Yes, I often have chipmunk cheeks in the middle of the night without the chin strap.


7) One final note regarding my increasing the pressure to combat breathing events. If you look at last night's chart, you will see a leak spike at 2:48. I took the mask off for a second to mark my awakening. Here is a zoomed-in chart about 10 minutes before I awoke at 2:48(link). Looking at the flow rate, it appears there are multiple small flow limitations prior to awakening. Thoughts on whether these types of flow limitations could trigger an awakening?

Thanks again for all of your assistance!

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Re: Throat Air Bubbles / Improving BiPaP Therapy

Post by Tired567 » Wed Nov 16, 2022 6:28 pm

Two other questions related to pressure:

1) How do I know what PS to set my unit at? Is PS 100% comfort? My understanding is PS is often used to fight Flow Limitations?

2) If I want to set my minimum IPAP pressure higher to reduce variability in the pressure throughout the night, would the 95% IPAP, as reported by OSCAR, be the best minimum IPAP to aim for?

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Re: Throat Air Bubbles / Improving BiPaP Therapy

Post by robysue1 » Wed Nov 16, 2022 10:45 pm

Tired567,

I'm starting with this response first because the questions are shorter and I think they may be what you are more interested in, although I could be wrong.
Tired567 wrote:
Wed Nov 16, 2022 6:28 pm
Two other questions related to pressure:

1) How do I know what PS to set my unit at? Is PS 100% comfort? My understanding is PS is often used to fight Flow Limitations?
PS is not just 100% comfort, although up to a PS = 4 it's mostly comfort. But too high of a PS can can lead to some destabilization of the breathing in a some people because it can trigger a bit of hyperventilation, which can cause too much CO2 to be blown off, and the CO2 concentration is the breathing trigger for sleep breathing, and this can cause problems with CAs. But most people do just fine with a PS = 4, and the number of CAs on the data you posted is not of concern if you find PS = 4 comfortable. But more on this in the next post.

Whether PS is used to fight Flow limitations depends a bit on what you mean and who you ask. Here's my understanding, for what its worth, based on my long time use of PR Auto BiPAPs, which have a different algorithm than Resmed VAutos do and my current experimenting with a Resmed AirCurve 10 VAuto.

IPAP pressure is used to treat flow limitations, hypopneas, and RERAs. EPAP pressure is used to treat snoring and obstructive apneas. The PS setting allows you to (attempt to) use appropriate pressures to treat each set of events.

The idea is that if you are seeing a lot of OAs or snoring, you know you need to increase the Min EPAP (which in turn will increase the defacto min IPAP on a Resmed machine). By increasing Max IPAP, you allow the machine to increase both IPAP and EPAP pressures in order address Flow Limitations, hypopneas, and RERAs (which are not flagged by the Resmed Auto algorithm). Increasing Max IPAP will also increase the defacto max EPAP on a Resmed machine.

Resmed machines aggressively increase pressure in the presence of flow limitations, but for some people there is a point of diminishing returns: Increased pressure doesn't really smooth out the flow limitations all that much beyond a certain IPAP pressure that depends on the person's upper airway structure and whether or not higher pressure is destabilizing to their breathing pattern.

Here's how PS comes into play: With a larger PS, the machine can reach the IPAP needed to treat the flow limitations and hypopneas without using quite as much EPAP if the OAs and snoring have already been eliminated. As an example: If you need an IPAP = 12 to largely elimiate the hypopneas and flow limitations and PS = 2, then EPAP will increase to 10, but that may be more pressure than you actually need to eliminate the OAs and snoring. For example, if 8 cm of pressure is enough to prevent the OAs and snoring, then using a PS = 4 allows the machine to increase IPAP to 12, while EPAP is increased only to 8 instead of 10.

Now I don't know of any good way to sort out "how much IPAP is too much IPAP" for any individual other than myself. For me, I found that I really need to cap IPAP at 9cm in order to prevent aerophagia, but the max IPAP my stomach can tolerate does leave some flow limitations present in the flow rate data. And I've also discovered that every time I do an experiment with increasing the IPAP in an effort to discover where the machine wants to go, it will pretty much reach the max IPAP setting (up to about max IPAP = 15), but the flow limitations remain and at a certain point, my AHIs get worse. And the number of wakes that I remember also gets worse because of the aerophagia.

2) If I want to set my minimum IPAP pressure higher to reduce variability in the pressure throughout the night, would the 95% IPAP, as reported by OSCAR, be the best minimum IPAP to aim for?
The only way to set your min IPAP pressure higher is by setting your min EPAP pressure higher.
With your current settings: Min EPAP = 6.6, Max IPAP = 15, PS = 4, here's what's happening:

At the start of each session, your pressures are EPAP 6.6 and IPAP = 6.6+4 = 10.6.

The theoretical maximum pressures your machine is allowed to reach are EPAP = 15-4 = 11 and IPAP = 15.

In theory, your EPAP will always satisfy 6.6 <= EPAP <= 11, your IPAP will always satisfy 10.6 <= IPAP <= 15.

Since your 99.5% pressures for the night you posted data for are EPAP = 7.8 and IPAP = 11.8, on the night in question, your pressures satisfied these inequalities:
  • 6.6 <= EPAP <= 7.8
  • 10.6 <= IPAP <= 11.8
In other words, the biggest pressure increases you had during the night were no more than a modest 2.2 cm H2O.

My guess is that what will happen if you increase Min EPAP = 7.6 so that your starting IPAP = 11.6 = 95% IPAP, is that you may still have some flow limitations and the machine will wind up increasing the pressures by about 2 cm in an effort to eliminate them. I could be wrong about that, but that's what has always happened to me when I've tried to eliminate the last of my flow limitations with a bit more pressure.

If you really want to try to reduce the variability of pressures during the night, I'd strongly consider switching from Auto mode to S mode (i.e. fixed pressure mode). If you want to use S mode, then I'd suggest setting EPAP = 7.6 and IPAP = 11.6 since those are the 95% numbers from Auto mode and you had Max IPAP = 15, so if the machine really wanted to go a lot higher than 11.6, it would have.

If you want to use VAuto mode and you want to reduce the variability of the pressures, my guess is that you will need to tighten the pressure range by increasing min EPAP and decreasing max IPAP. I'd suggest maybe starting with these numbers:
  • Min EPAP = 7, Max IPAP = 12
That would your pressures in the following ranges:
  • 7 <= EPAP <= 8 and 11 <= IPAP <= 12
That's about as minimal of a variable pressure range as possible. If you still get air bubbles, you could try reducing both Min EPAP to 6 and max IPAP to 11. You'll likely see an uptick in events, but the question is whether the number of additional events is small enough to make minimizing the air bubble problem worthwhile.

Of course, there's still the question of whether IPAP = 11 will cause you to still have the problems with the air bubbles and the chipmunk cheeks, both of which are being caused by pressurized air getting into your oral cavity---i.e. your mouth.
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Re: Throat Air Bubbles / Improving BiPaP Therapy

Post by robysue1 » Wed Nov 16, 2022 11:43 pm

Tired567 wrote:
Wed Nov 16, 2022 6:18 pm
Hi robysue1! Thanks for the very detailed response!

1) Why did you increase the pressure? What was your goal for doing so? How much did you increase the pressure? Did you increase, decrease or leave PS the same when you increased the pressure?

I increased the pressure because the 95% pressure was usually between 11.8–12. I also noticed that many nights I would get out of bed after a pickup in pressure (marked in OSCAR as a reset in pressure due to power on/off), indicating either the pressure ramp was waking me up, or I was having events causing me to wakeup, and the machine was not treating them quickly enough.
So you increased the minimum pressure in an effort to minimize the pressure increases you are seeing in Oscar and that you think may be what is causing you to wake up a lot or at least arouse a lot at night.

On paper that's not a bad idea, but because you are also dealing with the air bubble problem that seems to kick in around IPAP = 11, you also need to ask yourself whether reducing Max IPAP might not have been just as effective in eliminating the pressure increases.

Here are two charts (link) that are representative of nights when I awake when the pressure ramps up.
First, there's not much obstructive going on in these charts, but that's not a surprise since you say your diagnostic sleep study showed UARS, not OSA. (In UARS, you arouse or wake up before the obstruction in the upper airway is significant enough to cause a hypopnea or an apnea.)

Second, the pressure increases are being triggered by fairly mild flow limitations.

Third, while the number of CAs is not alarming, it's still noteworthy that they are what's making up the majority of your events on both nights. That begs the question, "Is PS = 4 causing some problems with hyperventilation leading to blowing off too much CO2?"

Fourth, you've got those pesky air bubbles that bother you once IPAP reaches 11.

All of that needs to be taken into account when you are trying to figure out what to do next.

2) I appreciate your suggestion to decrease pressure back down. My concern is, if I am sensitive to the nighttime pressure increases, or the auto mode is not adequately treating my minor breathing events, I actually need to increase the minimum pressure. I spent about 6-7 months at a lower minimum pressure on auto mode and slept awfully.
As I said in the previous post, I think you may need to decrease Max IPAP while either keeping min EPAP at the current level OR you may want to decrease Max IPAP and increase min EPAP, which will effectively tighten the pressure range. If you really are sensitive to the pressure increases, a tighter range may help you sleep better even if there winds up being a bit of activity in the flow rate graph.

Alternatively, you could try fixed pressure mode: No pressure increases eliminates "sensitivity to pressure increases" as one of the things that could be negatively affecting your sleep. While the vast majority of people on this forum do use Auto mode, there are a handful who use fixed pressure mode by choice because they find they sleep better when the pressure is not changing al night long.

3) Are you scrolling through the Oscar flow rate data zoomed in close enough for you to see the times you think you are awake? Or are you guesstimating that you're waking up 8-10 times based on what you remember about the night when you get up in the morning?

Yes I am. I am looking for awake breathing where the flow signal goes crazy. Also, my internal estimate is that I have 2-3 major awakenings per night, and 8-10 awakenings where I'm awake, turn over, and fall right back asleep.
Several comments all tied back to sleep hygiene and CBT-I stuff:

Wakes where you turn over and fall right back asleep are not a serious problem in terms of sleep quality: They're comfort related---for many people sleeping in the same position all night long can actually lead to some soreness, particularly if they fell asleep in an awkward position.

Focus on trying to eliminate the 2-3 major wakes that you sort of remember rather than the 8-10 places in the flow rate where you think the "signal goes crazy", particularly if the "crazy" only lasts 30 seconds.

For the 2-3 wakes that you sort of remember, it may be worthwhile to train yourself to turn the machine off and back on when you find yourself consciously awake in the middle of the night. That will give you some data about whether you are remembering the number of wakes with some degree of accuracy.

Also keep this in mind: Breathing in REM cycles can be much more irregular than sleep breathing in non-Rem sleep. It's possible that some of the "crazy" is indicating the start of a REM cycle rather than a wake.

And again, you could consider getting something like a FitBit that tracks sleep and see if there is a correlation between the "wakes" in the FitBit data and the crazy stuff in the flow rate graph.



4) How long do you think you are actually awake during these periods? Do you remember any of the wakes when you get up in the morning? And do you remember having serious problems getting back to sleep after any of them?

Ranging from 30 seconds to 30 minutes.
A few 30 second wakes during the night is not something to be overly concerned about.

But even one 30-minute long middle of the night wake can be pretty significant in terms of consolidating the sleep cycles. Since you say you've done sleep restriction therapy, you probably know this drill as well: If you find yourself lying in bed in the middle of the night for more than what you think is 15 or 20 minutes, it's useful to get out of bed and go into a different room. Do something quiet and relaxing and sleep inducing (getting on line isn't a good idea) and only go back to bed when you are feeling sleepy enough to get back to sleep in about 15 minutes or less. The idea is you need to reacquaint your brain and body with the notion that "being in bed" means "being asleep".

6) You wrote that: "you may have been leaking a small amount of air through your mouth without the chinstrap. And with the chinstrap, that air is getting caught in the upper airway somehow."

Yes, I often have chipmunk cheeks in the middle of the night without the chin strap.
Sounds like air from the xPAP is getting into your mouth. The problem might not be that your mouth is opening---if your mouth were hanging open the excess air would escape through the open mouth.

The problem might be that your tongue is relaxing and not staying in its normal position touching the top of your mouth with the tip touching the upper mouth just behind and above your top teeth. When the tongue moves out of that position, it can allow air to enter through the back of your throat from the nasal passage. And the result is chipmunk cheeks.

You might try focusing on where you put your tongue when you are awake and not talking or eating or drinking. If it's not where it's supposed to be when you are relaxed and awake, there's a good chance it won't be where you want it to be when you are asleep.

7) One final note regarding my increasing the pressure to combat breathing events. If you look at last night's chart, you will see a leak spike at 2:48. I took the mask off for a second to mark my awakening. Here is a zoomed-in chart about 10 minutes before I awoke at 2:48(link). Looking at the flow rate, it appears there are multiple small flow limitations prior to awakening. Thoughts on whether these types of flow limitations could trigger an awakening?
Did this pattern continue all the way to the 2:48 wake? Or did it resolve several minutes before that wake? If the pattern resolved into more normal, more regular sleep breathing before you woke up at 2:48, then I'd say this was probably not the cause of the wake. But if it continues all the way to the wake, then yeah, it might have caused the wake.

But that snippet of flow rate data may have more going on than the flow limitations: There's a bit of a waxing and waning pattern to the whole snippet. And given that both of the nights you posted have some CAs, it could be that this is a place where PS = 4 is triggering a bit of instability in your breathing, causing you to hyperventilate slightly, followed by smaller breaths while your body waits for the CO2 concentration in your blood to increase to the normal level to trigger a regular inhalation.

It may be worthwhile to scroll through the whole night and see if this kind of a pattern precedes a lot of the CAs. If you see a lot of stuff that looks like this, particularly in the minutes immediately before a CA, it's worth experimenting with reducing PS for a night or two. See if using PS = 3 with your current settings results in less of this kind of pattern (and potentially fewer CAs.)
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Re: Throat Air Bubbles / Improving BiPaP Therapy

Post by Miss Emerita » Fri Nov 18, 2022 11:52 am

You're getting lots of great information and advice from RobySue. A few additional thoughts:

Just to be sure you know, a 95% pressure number of, say, 11 means that your pressure was AT OR UNDER 11 for 95% of the night. There's no reason to pick the 95% number as a guide when you adjust your pressure.

You may be sensitive to pressure changes. Because you have relatively few OAs, you could experiment with settings that will constrain your machine to constant pressures all night. For example, I have min EPAP of 5, PS of 5, and max IPAP of 10.

CAs following brief arousal breathing are not necessarily a problem. If they aren't too long (say, over 20 seconds) or too frequent (yours aren't), you can probably just ignore them. The big question, as RobySue says, is whether your arousals are long or short. I have quite a few short ones per night, but my sleep architecture is pretty normal. I do, however, sometimes get messed up when I have awakenings of more than around 5 minutes.

One nice thing about PS is you can change it in .2 increments. So lower it gradually until you stop having aerophagia problems, stay there for a while, and then try inching back up. You'll find the sweet spot that way.
Oscar software is available at https://www.sleepfiles.com/OSCAR/