AHI defined differently on sleep study and on EncorePro2?

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robysue
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Re: AHI defined differently on sleep study and on EncorePro2?

Post by robysue » Mon Oct 17, 2011 10:40 pm

napstress wrote:
robysue wrote:On my first bi-level titration sleep study, I was WIDE AWAKE (as measured by the EEG) for three solid hours after I woke up after my first sleep cycle. And I didn't even think I was awake the whole time---I thought I was drifting in and out of sleep. I was shocked when the PA showed me the graph of the sleep stages. I started to realize I was probably getting a lot less sleep than I thought I was.
This is fascinating to me. I have heard of people thinking they were awake but were actually sleeping more than they thought they were. But this is just the reverse!
Yes, studies have shown that insomniacs usually have a difficult time telling WAKE vs. STAGE 1 and STAGE 2 NREM sleep apart: In some of these studies, they suddenly wake folks up from STAGE 1 or STAGE 2 sleep and ask them "Were you asleep or awake before the tech came in?" And insomniacs are far, far more likely than non-insomniacs to say YES even though the EEG indicates they were asleep until the tech woke them.

So yes, like so much of my experience, my insomnia-related answers to "How much sleep do you think you got?" are non-standard. On that first bi-level titration study, I knew I was tossing and turning a lot after that first wake. (But the sleep before that first wake was heavenly---the best that I'd experienced on CPAP/BiPAP all fall long at the time.) I remember filling out the questionaire about how well I though I slept: "Yes" to dreaming; "much worse than normal" for overall quality (although I did mention how good that first chunk of sleep felt); "about an hour" for how long it took to get to sleep; and "slept about 4 hours total" for length of time asleep. And everything except "total time asleep" was right on the button. But my total sleep time was just under two hours total. And I'd finally fallen back asleep about 15--20 minutes before they woke me up saying the test was over.

1. So the next time I see her, could I frame my questions this way and address what you're saying and be intelligible to the doctor? 1) Were the hypopneas scored under AASM Recommended standard or the AASM Alternative standard? 2) If scored under the Recommended standard, may some of the events scored as RERAs actually have been events that would have been scored as hypopneas under the Alternative standard? 3) Are you thinking that those "alternative standard hypopneas with arousal that got scored as RERAs" would show up in the Encore data as "hypopneas" if they were still happening in large numbers? 4) If under the AASM Recommended Standard, were the hypopneas with arousal scored for the RDI instead of as hypopneas?
Do these questions make sense? Sometimes I ask the doctor something that I have an incomplete understanding of based on what I read on this forum. Then, when she does not understand my question, I cannot reframe it! I believe I am grasping what you were saying, here, but just want to make sure that my questions are clear to you before I try to pose them to her.
The questions make sense to me. Whether you'll actually get the doc to answer them in language you understand is a different question. I was able to (finally) get a doc to tell me exactly how the "hypopneas with arousal" (my primary problem) were scored on my sleep tests and why they showed up in my diagnostic RDI but not my diagnostic AHI. But I never have gotten a straight answer to the question I'm most interested in. Which is: IF these "hypopneas with arousal" are indeed still happening when I use my machine in my own bedroom on lots of my bad nights, would they show up as hypopneas? or RERAs? or Flow limitations?

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napstress
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Re: AHI defined differently on sleep study and on EncorePro2?

Post by napstress » Sat Oct 22, 2011 6:50 am

robysue wrote:The questions make sense to me. Whether you'll actually get the doc to answer them in language you understand is a different question.
Right. I find it so frustrating that some doctors (and some computer people) cannot translate their knowledge into plain English, and can only understand me when I attempt to speak their highly-specialized language. I mean, they spoke natural language at one point, didn't they?
robysue wrote:I was able to (finally) get a doc to tell me exactly how the "hypopneas with arousal" (my primary problem) were scored on my sleep tests and why they showed up in my diagnostic RDI but not my diagnostic AHI. But I never have gotten a straight answer to the question I'm most interested in. Which is: IF these "hypopneas with arousal" are indeed still happening when I use my machine in my own bedroom on lots of my bad nights, would they show up as hypopneas? or RERAs? or Flow limitations?
Yes, this is the question that is burning in my mind. Given that I have UARS and not apnea, which data should I be following on Encore and SH? To use Assessment lingo, I'd like "to move from data-rich to data-driven." For this to happen, I need to know which data is relevant to my objectives of getting unfragmented, quality, restorative sleep.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale: 14
Diagnostic study: overall AHI: 0.2 events/hour; overall RDI: 45 events/hour
Titration study: AHI: 6.1; RDI: 27; CPAP pressures: 5-8cm

Not-tired behind my eyes and with a clear, cool head!

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napstress
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Re: RDI on sleep study = AHI EncorePro2: doctor's response

Post by napstress » Wed Nov 09, 2011 7:29 pm

I asked my doctor about this at my appointment last week, and thought I'd let you all know what her response was—and find out if it jibes with your theory, robysue. Here's a refresher of my conversation with robysue of a few weeks ago:
napstress wrote: I had an appointment with my sleep dr this week. I've been on CPAP therapy for seven months. She says that CPAP therapy is working for me, basing her opinion on the AHI numbers from EncorePro2. I'm wondering why she would base her opinion on my AHI. On the sleep study she wrote, "The overall AHI was 0.2 events/hour and the overall RDI was 45.4 events/hour (....) The lowest fall in oxygen saturation was 95%." She wrote that I have mild-moderate OSAH, but told me I have UARS, not apnea.

robysue:
Do you know how the hypopneas on that diagnostic study were scored? Under the AASM Recommended standard or the AASM Alternative standard? The Alternative standard does NOT require an O2 desat to be scored if there is an associated arousal. And it's possible that if your study was scored under the Recommended standard, many of those events scored as RERAs may have actually been events that could have been scored under the Alternative standard.

And (going out on a limb here with speculation), the doc's reasoning may be that those "alternative standard hypopneas with arousal that got scored as RERAs" would show up in the Encore data as "hypopneas" if they were still happening in large numbers.

napstress:
She tried to explain to me that the AHI on the sleep study is different from the one on EncorePro2, because EncorePro2 does not measure oxygen desats. But it seems to me that the oxygen desat number is neither here nor there, since it didn't drop very much on the night of my sleep study and is likely not an issue for me.
...
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Can anyone help clarify her explanation or what my doctor might be thinking? Is it true that the sleep study and EncorePro2 calculate the AHI using different factors—and these factors are relevant in my case?

robysue:
Well, it's true that EncorePro2 doesn't use oxygen desats to score events since our machines don't have an oximeter attached to them. But desats are not required to score events on a NPSG either: An apnea gets scored if there's 10+ seconds of no air going in or out of the lungs during an epoch measured as SLEEP in the EEG data. And that's true regardless of what happens to the O2 levels. And under the AASM Alternative standard, if the rate of air flow drops by at least 50% from baseline for 10+ seconds in an epoch measured as SLEEP by the EEG AND there's an arousal at the end of the event, it gets scored as a "hypopnea with arousal" and counts---even if there is NO O2 desat associated with the hypopnea. Because they don't require an associated 4% drop in O2, these "hypopneas with arousal" would NOT be scored as hypopneas under the AASM Recommended standard. But their associated arousals could easily wind up being scored for the RDI since they would clearly be respiratory related.

In the PR System One machine, the only channel of data available for scoring any kind of respiratory event is the airflow into and out of the lungs. Apneas are pretty easy to machine score: You set a threshold for "0" airflow and anytime that threshold is met for 10+ seconds, you score an apnea. (Classifying the apnea as an OA or a CA is a whole 'nuther can o'worms though). To score hypopneas, there's an algorithm for determining when the air flow drops by at least 50% from baseline for at least 10 seconds. And the PR System One is supposed to score a hypopnea anytime that happens. With all algorithms, there are some flaws and sticky situations that can trick the algorithm. In the case of machine scored hypopneas, a critical part of the algorithm is in determining what "baseline air flow" actually is at any given time. It's got to be a moving average of some sort. But how long of a period and what you do if things are not really as regular as they should be do affect the scoring of hypopneas by our full data machines regardless of brand.

And then there's the bigger problem than a lack of an oximeter attached to our machines: They don't have an EEG either. So the machines score everything that looks like an apnea or a hypopnea---regardless of whether we're wide awake with our eyes open (and holding our breath) or deeply asleep.
Here's how my conversation with the doctor went:
She said that my hypopneas were scored under the Alternative standard: "Everything was RERAs." It was the RERAs that made my RDI = 45 (my AHI was 0.2 events/hr). The RERAs did not count toward the AHI. The system used (during my sleep study?) won't score a RERA (as a hypopnea?) unless desats and wave form on EEG warrant it. Since Encore doesn't record EEG or oximetry, AHI = RDI. Robysue, does this fit with what you were thinking?

And, most importantly, can I now relax and trust that the AHI reported on Encore is the same thing as RDI as indicated on my first sleep study?
Epworth Sleepiness Scale: 14
Diagnostic study: overall AHI: 0.2 events/hour; overall RDI: 45 events/hour
Titration study: AHI: 6.1; RDI: 27; CPAP pressures: 5-8cm

Not-tired behind my eyes and with a clear, cool head!