Resmed vs. Respironics - Help

General Discussion on any topic relating to CPAP and/or Sleep Apnea.
-SWS
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A+A or H+H

Post by -SWS » Wed Apr 09, 2008 9:36 pm

Guys, sorry for getting to this thread much later than I expected. But a double apology is really in order. I promised to post the acronyms for Bill today, but if you don't mind I'd like to take just a brief extension on that sub-topic for a couple reasons. The first reason is that I've been thinking about the topic of vacuum-based occlusion and I really wouldn't mind doing a couple/few more exploratory posts on that topic than I originally had in mind. Oh how I hate when you guys get me hooked on interesting topics. Truth is I absolutely love it! So I'd rather not brush over that topic by simply dumping acronyms tonight. Rather, let's do that topic exploratory justice.

The second reason I'd like to take a very short extension on that "highly addictive" vacuum topic is because I'd like to back up and at least briefly talk about those A+A or H+H pressure-increase requirements for the Remstar Auto algorithm. Bill and Doug have been serving the valid point that APAPs tend to slowly raise pressure. I want to make sure that correct point is not lost.

Now a confessional about A+A/H+H for Bill. When I mentioned much earlier that I was chuckling like a mischievous child, it wasn't because you were being set up. It was the exact opposite! I experienced a vicarious "satisfaction laugh" at knowing the A+A or H+H requirement served your position well. Now why that laugh felt mischievous is beyond me. My best guess is that I felt mischievous or guilty for even hypothetically assuming your position and thus consciousness---even if for but a small scope in both time and awareness. Curious philosophical response on my part and equally curious regarding some fairly convoluted psychology. So what's new?

Anyway, here's an interesting Respironics web-site chart showing those slow APAP pressure increases that Bill and Doug have been talking about all along:
Image

There are a couple things I find interesting about that chart. One, of course, is the slow pressure response we've been discussing all along. The other is the fact that the first apnea or the first hypopnea is not even treated. Rather it is cautiously discarded. Within a running three-minute time window the second apnea or the second hyponea is what causes the slow pressure response in the algorithm.

In my view this is yet another typically cautious APAP pressure response. As a side note, proactive APAP pressure responses typically proceed and ideally obviate the need for the hypopnea- and apnea-reactive type pressure responses that you see above. Since confessionals are in order for tonight, I admit the third reason I wanted to back up and highlight the above altogether cautious pressure response is because we have been trying to ascertain just why APAPs administer all that caution.

One compelling theory in this thread entails algorithmic caution relating to the treatment of vacuum-based tongue blockages. Another theory entails homeostatic-based pressure caution relating to the avoidance of central events (that can be both pressure-induction prone and difficult for the APAP to distinguish from equivalent obstructive events). Why is the above pressure-response chart relevant toward that present line of inquiry? I believe it's relevant because the above "pressure-cautious" apnea case is virtually identical to the "pressure-cautious" hypopnea case that is also reflected above.

The reason I find that last statement compelling is because there can be absolutely no vacuum-based tongue blockage in any hypopnea case--simply because the airway must be at least partially open for any hypopnea to occur. In at least the hyponea case, then, we must conclude all that the pressure-delivery caution relates to concerns in the patent descriptions relating to: 1) central induction, and 2) inadequate means of central differentiation.

Just a "technically minor" hypopnea thought, although I didn't manage to get much silliness in this time... However, there's always another day for that!

Thanks for letting us explore these topics in your thread, Needsdecaf. I couldn't help but notice that you're getting excellent advice from the well-seasoned experts. You sure can't go wrong with that!! .

Last edited by -SWS on Wed Apr 09, 2008 10:17 pm, edited 1 time in total.

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Post by dsm » Wed Apr 09, 2008 10:16 pm

SWS,

"The reason I find that last statement compelling is because there can be absolutely no vacuum-based tongue blockage in any hypopnea case--simply because the airway must be at least partially open for any hypopnea to occur. In at least the hyponea case, then, we must conclude all that the pressure-delivery caution relates to concerns in the patent descriptions relating to: 1) central induction, and 2) inadequate means of central differentiation.

Just a "technically minor" hypopnea thought, although I didn't manage to get much silliness in this time... However, there's always another day for that! Very Happy "

***********************************

Absolutely

There is an issue that I believe we all have to grapple with when discussing how APAPs treat OSA. There is the so often warped perception of treating OSA events in real time vs the actual treatment of patterns of OSA events.

The confusion comes about because in reality the APAP starts to respond algorithmically to the 1st OSA (pre-cursor or actual) event that is detected once settling period has passed. As you mention, within any algorithmically determined time-window, the 1st event is may merely be noted & allowed to pass but a 2nd & subsequent event or 'trigger' will usually then cause the algorithmic pressure increase cycle to start.

My point is that that the pressure increase cycle is primarily to pre-empt the next osa event(s) and not primarily to clear the current one & this is where we need to agree or disagree. NOTE: On this particular point I am talking about a full-on block vs a flow-lim or hypop.

In regard to flow-lims / hypops and increasing pressure, even if slowly, this is treating the event in real time (so no disagreement here). As long as air can get into the airway (as will happen with a flow-lim / hypop) increasing pressure is better stenting the airway.

So there is no disagreement in regard to flow-lims & hypops in that they leave part of the airway open and any increase in CMS for a non fully blocked osa event can be regarded as treating the flow-lim/hypop, in real-time.

(I am certain you noted my specific words in earlier posts in regard to a 'full-on block' and what my meaning was (as explained - 'no airflow & lungs straining to get air').

So I am confident we are in agreement that treating 'patterns' of OSA events is primarily what APAPs do - CPAPs try to treat OSA by getting the splinting pressure right during a PSG. Bilevels try to do the same with epap & provide great relief by seperating breath-in as ipap.

The ASV in this regard (OSA events) is just like a bilevel - in one post you mentioned that an ASV will increase by 3 CMS to treat an obstruction but I am sure you realize that EEP treats the OSA events & PS changes are there to treat centrals and irregular breathing patterns and not to traet OSA events.

Bill did get 'rolled' by your use of very technical terms when he actually had a good argument

DSM

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Post by -SWS » Wed Apr 09, 2008 10:26 pm

DSM wrote:The ASV in this regard (OSA events) is just like a bilevel - in one post you mentioned that an ASV will increase by 3 CMS to treat an obstruction but I am sure you realize that EEP treats the OSA events & PS changes are there to treat centrals and irregular breathing patterns and not to traet OSA events.
Thanks, Doug. Yes, I did realize your above point all along as it turns out.

But I'm not so sure you realized my point, since I glossed over it much more quickly than I really should have. So I plan on delving more into that topic, including the hard boiled egg part... More later! .

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Post by dsm » Wed Apr 09, 2008 10:52 pm

-SWS wrote:
DSM wrote:The ASV in this regard (OSA events) is just like a bilevel - in one post you mentioned that an ASV will increase by 3 CMS to treat an obstruction but I am sure you realize that EEP treats the OSA events & PS changes are there to treat centrals and irregular breathing patterns and not to traet OSA events.
Thanks, Doug. Yes, I did realize your above point all along as it turns out.

But I'm not so sure you realized my point, since I glossed over it much more quickly than I really should have. So I plan on delving more into that topic, including the hard boiled egg part... More later! .
SWS,

I do understand you are saying that the egg in the bottle-neck analogy doesn't work but I can't see the supporting info so have not yet honed in on this specific reply.

I know you say that only a breech is needed & imply that somehow an increase of pressure can do that & on this point I am all eyes & ears

Thanks

DSM
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Post by -SWS » Wed Apr 09, 2008 11:07 pm

dsm wrote: My point is that that the pressure increase cycle is primarily to pre-empt the next osa event(s) and not primarily to clear the current one & this is where we need to agree or disagree. NOTE: On this particular point I am talking about a full-on block vs a flow-lim or hypop.
In the Respironics responsive case it's the third A or H event that is the most likely benefactor IMO. That's because the first A or H event won't get any pressure response as Bill well-pointed out, and the second event then receives a somewhat delayed pressure response (that may or may not clear with little pressure assistance).
DSM wrote:In regard to flow-lims / hypops and increasing pressure, even if slowly, this is treating the event in real time (so no disagreement here). So there is no disagreement in regard to flow-lims & hypops in that they leave part of the airway open and any increase in CMS for a non fully blocked osa event can be regarded as treating the flow-lim/hypop, in real-time.
Actually we disagree here in a very key way regarding hypopnea treatment. Look at the chart above, Doug. Respironics states that even the hypopneas receive the same type of "event+event" delayed treatment that the apneas do. And that's the crux of my point: hypopneas get the same degree of caution that apneas get. Therefore Respironics' "identically-administered" caution does not serve tongue blockage concerns in at least the hypopnea case. Then why the cautious policy in the hypopnea case if not for reasons of central concerns? If we are seeing identical caution in these two cases, then we are probably seeing identical rationale for that caution. And the patent description mentions nothing of tongue blockage concerns while mentioning central concerns.

So where is the documentation regarding tongue-and-vacuum concerns warranting slow pressure? Let's definitely explore this one in several posts.
dsm wrote:Bill did get 'rolled' by your use of very technical terms when he actually had a good argument
Rolling wasn't my intent. And I now realize that I flew through my own rational in a manner that did not adequately convey my thoughts. Sorry about that!!! Honest!!!

.


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Post by Guest » Wed Apr 09, 2008 11:49 pm

NightHawkeye wrote:What about the folks who have persistent apneas which are never resolved by CPAP therapy. I could point to numerous postings to illustrate this. Sure, lots of folks get their AHI's down below 1.0, but just as many have consistently high residual AHI's. If they're not caused by centrals what else could they be caused by? Corks, maybe? Maybe some similar physiological mechanism?
Bill, it sounds as if our ideas are fairly congruent in most aspects: I think that vacuum-based occlusions occur. I think that vacuum-based occlusions can even occur despite PAP treatment (but are often prevented). And like you I also think there may even be some people inclined toward that type of severe blockage (in such a manner that makes them unsuitable for any PAP).

It sounds like the only point we may end up disagreeing about is why APAPs increase their pressure so slowly.

On whole I think your "food for thought" and Doug's "food for thought" have been excellent. In fact, I'll probably end up thinking about that full-face mask observation tomorrow. Even that single anecdote is fascinating IMO! .


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Post by dsm » Wed Apr 09, 2008 11:53 pm

SWS,

" Actually we disagree here in a very key way regarding hypopnea treatment. Look at the chart above, Doug. Respironics states that even the hypopneas receive the same type of "event+event" delayed treatment that the apneas do. And that's the crux of my point: hypopneas get the same degree of caution that apneas get. Therefore Respironics' "identically-administered" caution does not serve tongue blockage concerns in at least the hypopnea case. Then why the cautious policy in the hypopnea case if not for reasons of central concerns? If we are seeing identical caution in these two cases, then we are probably seeing identical rationale for that caution. And the patent description mentions nothing of tongue blockage concerns while mentioning central concerns. "

In this regard, I believe I can see the designers POV, and that is that it makes complete sense to apply the same response to a full-on block & a hypop as the goal either way is to improve the stenting but it has to be clear and obvious that a 'full-on block' won't get 1 iota of benefit from the increase because it is history as far as the machine is concerned. The increase here is to pre-empt where possible, a follow-on event.

The hypop clearly will benefit from any CMS increase as every fraction of CMS that can get to the airway is improving the xPAP air stenting of the airway.

DSM

Pls my appologys for my mixed use of stint & stent - I looked both up but got conflicting meanings so am sticking to stent.

D

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Post by -SWS » Thu Apr 10, 2008 12:17 am

Doug, here's a question that might help me better understand your point of view:

Why do you think Respironics cautiously discards the first hypopnea?


Bear in mind Respironics runs separate albeit simultaneous hypopnea-detection code (versus apnea code) and separate hypopnea pressure-response code (again versus apnea code). Yet Respironics decides to cautiously discard that first hypopnea rather than treat it. So why the cautious discard? Why not just treat that first hypopnea? .


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Re: A+A or H+H

Post by Snoredog » Thu Apr 10, 2008 1:34 am

-SWS wrote:
Anyway, here's an interesting Respironics web-site chart showing those slow APAP pressure increases that Bill and Doug have been talking about all along:
Image
hey you put up that Remstar error report

wonder what happens when there is NOT 3 sets of AHx2 like maybe AHx2, then AHx1? Does it ignore the onset threshold and start again? and again? and again?

so the little chart shows we got to have AHx2 three times in a row with no response after 3 pressure increases before we ever see the NR flag being fired off, I believe it then ignores that circuit for a period of time (giving the machine a much needed timeout).

but by the time it does throw the NR flag it is an error because the machine just increased pressure 3 times to 6 events it previously "thought" were obstructive, in that little program that generates that little chart it will even admit they are most likely central (as opposed to the remote chance they are PDVCD).

If it were me, I wouldn't want to advertise how lousy I was at differentiating those events

someday science will catch up to what I'm saying...

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Post by dsm » Thu Apr 10, 2008 2:48 am

[quote="-SWS"]Doug, here's a question that might help me better understand your point of view:

Why do you think Respironics cautiously discards the first hypopnea?


Bear in mind Respironics runs separate albeit simultaneous hypopnea-detection code (versus apnea code) and separate hypopnea pressure-response code (again versus apnea code). Yet Respironics decides to cautiously discard that first hypopnea rather than treat it. So why the cautious discard? Why not just treat that first hypopnea? .

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Post by Snoredog » Thu Apr 10, 2008 3:14 am

[quote="dsm"][quote="-SWS"]Doug, here's a question that might help me better understand your point of view:

Why do you think Respironics cautiously discards the first hypopnea?


Bear in mind Respironics runs separate albeit simultaneous hypopnea-detection code (versus apnea code) and separate hypopnea pressure-response code (again versus apnea code). Yet Respironics decides to cautiously discard that first hypopnea rather than treat it. So why the cautious discard? Why not just treat that first hypopnea? .

someday science will catch up to what I'm saying...

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Re: A+A or H+H

Post by NightHawkeye » Thu Apr 10, 2008 5:56 am

-SWS wrote: ... I've been thinking about the topic of vacuum-based occlusion and I really wouldn't mind doing a couple/few more exploratory posts on that topic than I originally had in mind.
Works for me. Part of the reason I doggedly pursued the single "fact" (dare I call it that now, without fear of being lambasted?) that an APAP simply waits out the initial apnea event is because if we failed to achieve unanimous agreement on that single point, there would be no reason to continue the discussion.

The old "emotionally-based" arguments (edit: about what people hoped an APAP was doing) needed to be not merely disputed, but placed in a coffin, given a formal memorial service and covered under six-feet of dirt with a respectful Rest-In-Peace (RIP) marker planted on top!

Now, about that vacuum-based occlusion ... A pulsed vacuum burst from the machine could probably fix that right up ... Hey, great patent idea! (Note to self: write that up ... ) Just a few minor issues to resolve, such as sleeping through it, or keeping things and people from hopping around all over the place like Mexican jumping beans.
-SWS wrote:The second reason I'd like to take a very short extension on that "highly addictive" vacuum topic is because I'd like to back up and at least briefly talk about those A+A or H+H pressure-increase requirements for the Remstar Auto algorithm. Bill and Doug have been serving the valid point that APAPs tend to slowly raise pressure. I want to make sure that correct point is not lost.
Last rights have been administered ... Amen (spoken with reverent tone)
-SWS wrote:Now a confessional about A+A/H+H for Bill. When I mentioned much earlier that I was chuckling like a mischievous child, it wasn't because you were being set up. It was the exact opposite! I experienced a vicarious "satisfaction laugh" at knowing the A+A or H+H requirement served your position well. Now why that laugh felt mischievous is beyond me. My best guess is that I felt mischievous or guilty for even hypothetically assuming your position and thus consciousness---even if for but a small scope in both time and awareness. Curious philosophical response on my part and equally curious regarding some fairly convoluted psychology. So what's new?
OK, the purpose of a confessional is seeking forgiveness. You've certainly earned that, -SWS.

As with the double-event response, I have few pre-conceptions about the specifics of the algorithms, -SWS. Did I mention I'm no expert ...

I think I have a lot to do at work today. Have a great day, all.

Regards,
Bill


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Post by -SWS » Thu Apr 10, 2008 8:07 am

Many good points going throughout this discussion IMHO! One of the much earlier points in this discussion is that we needed to dig into the cryptic patent descriptions to understand why pressure is raised slowly in response to apneas or hypopneas.

However, Respironics seems to have described both their method and rationale regarding caution on their own web site in a straight-forward and fairly easy-to-digest fashion:
Image

Above we can clearly see Respironics' cautious pressure response entails a beginning, middle, and end as follows: 1) single/initial apneas or hypopneas are cautiously discarded (beginning of cautious pressure routine), 2) pressure is ever so gradually increased (middle of cautious pressure routine), and 3) if no apnea or hypopnea resolution occurs after three pressure increments, then an NR (non-responsive) flag is set commencing an even more cautious event-handling pressure routine (end of this cautious pressure routine, commencing an even more cautious pressure routine).

Is this about cork-style tongue blockages? Well Respironics tells us that this caution is about that industry-recognized statistical 10cm barrier, specifically having to do with central induction (very clearly documented throughout various medical white papers and patent descriptions).

Lest we think Respironics is pulling a fast one on us by replacing cork-blockage realities with much more pleasant central apnea concerns, let's progress through all three pressure increments on that chart above with nothing but hypopneas. When you get to the end of those three very cautious pressure increments, Respironics still tells us they are setting the NR flag because of central concerns (even in the purely hypopnea-driven case). We really have the same cautious pressure routine occurring for hypopneas and apneas alike (with hypopneas certainly being completely incapable of cork-style tongue blockages).

Snoredog, you raise good points about algorithmic-driven patterns regarding efficacy. IMHO all algorithms have their respective sets of efficacy shortcomings. And logic alone, unfortunately, never-but-never manages to reveal meaningful trends or conclusions regarding large-scale efficacy patterns (in medical statistics known as epidemiology).

Bill, my confessionals were more humorous than anything else. They certainly did not relate to past discussions or feelings. I always appreciated your points in the past and I still do---as you can probably tell by my reveling in that A+A/H+H point that serves your position so well about pressure-based caution.

Lastly, I want to clearly point out that I am definitely not an expert in any of this either. I simply happen to find the topics very fascinating as do the other posters in this thread. It is such cool subject matter! And it serves us well to understand it IMHO.


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Where is this Discussion Going Now?

Post by NightHawkeye » Thu Apr 10, 2008 10:17 am

-SWS wrote:Many good points going throughout this discussion IMHO! One of the much earlier points in this discussion is that we needed to dig into the cryptic patent descriptions to understand why pressure is raised slowly in response to an apnea or a hypopnea.
On one hand: A clear picture for all to see.

On the other: Technical details obscuring the big picture view.

Case-in-point: Highlighted phrases above - The patent review was not initiated to understand why pressure was being raised, so much as to overcome misperceptions of when pressure was being raised. Having started the entire patent discussion I can state that with certainty.
-SWS wrote: ... Lest we think Respironics is pulling a fast one on us by replacing cork-blockage realities with more pleasant central apnea concerns, let's progress through all three pressure increments on that chart above with nothing by hypopneas. When you get to the end of those three pressure increments Respironics still tells us they are setting the NR flag because of central concerns. In both cases (A or H) Respironcis very clearly tells us this is all about central type concerns rather than stuck-cork type concerns.
Granted, at a high level the responses to apnea and hypopnea appear the same. I only qualify that because I haven't examined the details, but did observe differences in the patent description. (At least I think I did.) I'm still open to DSM's arguments on the matter.

In regards to pure physics though, it would seem that any APAP pressure increase occurring while a full-blockage was in progress would be small compared to the vacuum being developed on the other side by the lungs.
-SWS wrote:Bill, my confessionals were more humorous than anything else. They certainly did not relate to past discussions or feelings.
I understood that, -SWS. However, turn-about is fair play and it tends to keep the level of the discussion elevated, don't ya think?
-SWS wrote:I always appreciated your points in the past and I still do---as you can tell by my own reveling in a point that serves your position well.
Thanks, the feeling's mutual. I don't, however, have too much of a vested position here ..., seriously. I've never much subscribed to debate or legal theory, whereby one arbitrarily defends one side of an argument. There are are always plenty of legitimate areas worth exploring. Us humans know so little about so many things; why waste time with arbitrary and capricious arguments? To become overly vested in one position, per se, is stupid (not to mention ego-pummelling). I regularly swallow my pride anyway. I was quite prepared to retract my statements had the evidence shown them incorrect.

Regards,
Bill (not feeling the same intensity as earlier)


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Post by -SWS » Thu Apr 10, 2008 10:34 am

Excellent post, Bill! Yes, I absolutely agree that we all benefit by topic exploration. That's the basis by which I also feel it will be both interesting and beneficial to further pursue that line of inquiry regarding cork-style blockages.

An industry-recognized and well-documented caution about a statistical 10-cm barrier (mentioned by Respironics, Resmed, PB, et al) is exclusively about central induction---at least according to all literature I have ever read. That doesn't mean they haven't missed something IMO.

Just out of curiosity has anyone managed to find documentation about the cork-style tongue blockages relative to pressure-delivery strategy? I can't turn any up and I am not interest-vested either. And I'm virtually positive vacuum-based occlusions do sometimes occur.

I personally feel that all PAP therapy is destined to either: 1) nicely avoid this problem in the first place (ideally this happens in most cases), or to 2) simply wait for good old mother nature's survival imperative to clear that problem once it does occur (thus some people may be bad candidates for PAP treatment if this hypothetical physiology problem really does occur frequently for them despite PAP).

I just can't see hypothetically-administered quick but small APAP pressure increases either aggravating this problem or successfully treating it---when mother nature is bound to rather quickly take over. But I too am open to reversing my views if what I happen to encounter what I think is compelling evidence.

Indeed, Bill: ego-maintained positions and limits of human intellect are both veritable truth-hiders. Well said!!!

Last edited by -SWS on Thu Apr 10, 2008 11:42 am, edited 1 time in total.