Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

General Discussion on any topic relating to CPAP and/or Sleep Apnea.
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DeeCPAP
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Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by DeeCPAP » Sun Feb 14, 2016 6:53 pm

This is a news report I thought everyone might want to read. The link below is the actual report. Below that is the article
taken from the Journal of Sleep Research. Below the article is the actual link to the article. Below that is a question we need to answer as CPAP users:

Sleep Apnea May Reduce Levels Of Brain Chemicals Associated With Waking Behaviors And Mood

One in 15 adults has moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Anyone with a significant other or roommate that snores is well aware of the struggle: Not only is snoring annoying, but these interruptions could happen as frequently as 30 times per hour. The latter could be a sign of sleep apnea, a condition marked by repeated pauses in breathing or shallow breaths, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute reported. And according to a new study published in The Journal of Sleep Research, sleepers may experience adverse effects in the daytime.

People with sleep apnea often report issues with memory, decision–making, depression, stress, and poor concentration during waking time. To better understand why, researchers from the UCLA School of Nursing examined a brain region called the insula; it regulates emotion, thinking, and physical functions like blood pressure and perspiration. They found that people with sleep apnea had decreased levels of two important brain chemicals capable of having a large effect on waking behaviors and mood: glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

GABA acts as an inhibitor in the brain, affecting endorphins and mood by slowing things down — a kind of brake pedal to keep people calm. On the other hand, glutamate is an accelerator, and when levels are high, the brain is in a state of stress. In addition to decreased brain function, increased levels of glutamate can also be harmful to nerves and neurons.

"In previous studies, we've seen structural changes in the brain due to sleep apnea, but in this study we actually found substantial differences in these two chemicals that influence how the brain is working," Paul Macey, the lead researcher on the study and associate professor at UCLA Nursing, said in a press release. He added that, in some ways, this is a good thing. "In contrast with damage, if something is working differently, we can potentially fix it."

The researchers hope to continue their work on sleep apnea, with future studies set to determine whether treating sleep apnea would reverse structural changes in patient's brains. Right now the leading therapy is currently Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), where patients wear a face or nasal mask during sleep.

If new therapy does not reverse change, researchers will return to exploring alternative treatments that could be more effective than CPAP and other methods. The team is also interested in studying the impact mindfulness exercise has on the condition, particularly if it can reduce glutamate levels through calming the brain.

Source: Macey P, Sarma M, Nagarajan R, Aysola R, Siegel J, Harper R, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with low GABA and high glutamate in the insular cortex. The Journal of Sleep Research. 2016.


Link: http://www.medicaldaily.com/sleep-apnea ... ood-373488


*** THE REAL QUESTION: DOES YOUR CPAP TREATMENT HELP YOUR SYMPTOMS ENOUGH TO CALL IT A SUCCESS?

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by DeeCPAP » Sun Feb 14, 2016 6:58 pm

Another article reviewing the same study:

Sleep Apnea Takes Toll on Brain By Janice Wood
~ 2 min read
Sleep Apnea Takes Toll on Brain
A new study shows that people with sleep apnea show significant changes in the levels of two important brain chemicals.

This could be the reason so many people with sleep apnea — a disorder in which a person’s breathing is frequently interrupted during sleep, as many as 30 times an hour — report problems with thinking, such as poor concentration, difficulty with memory and decision-making, depression and stress.

Researchers at the University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing looked at levels of the neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid, known as GABA, in a brain region called the insula. This area integrates signals from higher brain regions to regulate emotion, thinking, and physical functions, such as blood pressure and perspiration.

They found that people with sleep apnea had decreased levels of GABA and unusually high levels of glutamate.

GABA is a chemical messenger that acts as an inhibitor in the brain, which can slow things down and help keep people calm. It affects mood and helps make endorphins, researchers explain.

Glutamate, by contrast, is like an accelerator. When glutamate levels are high, the brain is working in a state of stress, and consequently doesn’t function as effectively. High levels of glutamate can also be toxic to nerves and neurons, the researchers noted.

“In previous studies, we’ve seen structural changes in the brain due to sleep apnea, but in this study we actually found substantial differences in these two chemicals that influence how the brain is working,” said Dr. Paul Macey, the lead researcher on the study and an associate professor at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Nursing.

Macey said the researchers were taken aback by the differences in the GABA and glutamate levels.

“It is rare to have this size of difference in biological measures,” he said. “We expected an increase in the glutamate, because it is a chemical that causes damage in high doses and we have already seen brain damage from sleep apnea. What we were surprised to see was the drop in GABA. That made us realize that there must be a reorganization of how the brain is working.”

He added that the study’s results are actually encouraging.

“In contrast with damage, if something is working differently, we can potentially fix it,” he said.

“What comes with sleep apnea are these changes in the brain, so in addition to prescribing continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, physicians now know to pay attention to helping their patients who have these other symptoms,” he continued. “Stress, concentration, memory loss — these are the things people want fixed.”

A CPAP machine helps an individual sleep easier, and is considered the gold standard treatment for sleep disturbance.

In future studies, the researchers said they hope to determine whether treating sleep apnea using CPAP or other methods returns patients’ brain chemicals back to normal levels.

If not, they will turn to the question of what treatments could be more effective. The researchers said they are also studying the impacts of mindfulness exercises to see if they can reduce glutamate levels by calming the brain.

The study, conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles Sleep Disorder Center, was published in the Journal of Sleep Research.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by DeeCPAP » Sun Feb 14, 2016 7:01 pm

Feb 12 article: Another new article found based on the same research

RESEARCH NEWS
In Obstructive Sleep Apnea Sufferers, Researchers Find Changes in 2 Key Brain Chemicals
Published on February 12, 2016

People with sleep apnea also often report problems with thinking, such as poor concentration, difficulty with memory and decision-making, depression, and stress.

According to research from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Nursing, published online in the Journal of Sleep Research, people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) show significant changes in the levels of two important brain chemicals, which could be a reason that many have symptoms that impact their day-to-day lives.

UCLA researchers looked at levels of these neurotransmitters—glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid, known as GABA—in a brain region called the insula, which integrates signals from higher brain regions to regulate emotion, thinking, and physical functions such as blood pressure and perspiration. They found that people with OSA had decreased levels of GABA and unusually high levels of glutamate.
GABA is a chemical messenger that acts as an inhibitor in the brain, which can slow things down and help to keep people calm—like a brake pedal. GABA affects mood and helps make endorphins.

Glutamate, by contrast, is like an accelerator; when glutamate levels are high, the brain is working in a state of stress, and consequently doesn’t function as effectively. High levels of glutamate can also be toxic to nerves and neurons.
“In previous studies, we’ve seen structural changes in the brain due to sleep apnea, but in this study we actually found substantial differences in these two chemicals that influence how the brain is working,” says Paul Macey, the lead researcher on the study and an associate professor at the UCLA School of Nursing, in a release.

The researchers were taken aback by the differences in the GABA and glutamate levels, Macey says. “It is rare to have this size of difference in biological measures,” Macey says. “We expected an increase in the glutamate, because it is a chemical that causes damage in high doses and we have already seen brain damage from sleep apnea. What we were surprised to see was the drop in GABA. That made us realize that there must be a reorganization of how the brain is working.”

Macey says the study’s results are, in a way, encouraging. “In contrast with damage, if something is working differently, we can potentially fix it.”

The link between sleep apnea and changes in the state of the brain is important news for clinicians, Macey says. “What comes with sleep apnea are these changes in the brain, so in addition to prescribing continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP…physicians now know to pay attention to helping their patients who have these other symptoms,” Macey says. “Stress, concentration, memory loss—these are the things people want fixed.”

In future studies, the researchers hope to determine whether treating the sleep apnea—using CPAP or other methods—returns patients’ brain chemicals back to normal levels. If not, they will turn to the question of what treatments could be more effective. They are also studying the impacts of mindfulness exercises to see if they can reduce glutamate levels by calming the brain.

- See more at: http://www.sleepreviewmag.com/2016/02/o ... BbXMY.dpuf

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by DeeCPAP » Sun Feb 14, 2016 7:08 pm

One more article from UCLA:

Sleep apnea takes a toll on brain function
UCLA researchers find changes in two key brain chemicals in patients with the most common type of this disorder

Laura Perry | February 11, 2016

One in 15 adults has moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, a disorder in which a person’s breathing is frequently interrupted during sleep — as many as 30 times per hour.

People with sleep apnea also often report problems with thinking such as poor concentration, difficulty with memory and decision-making, depression, and stress.

According to new research from the UCLA School of Nursing, published online in the Journal of Sleep Research, people with sleep apnea show significant changes in the levels of two important brain chemicals, which could be a reason that many have symptoms that impact their day-to-day lives.

UCLA researchers looked at levels of these neurotransmitters — glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid, known as GABA — in a brain region called the insula, which integrates signals from higher brain regions to regulate emotion, thinking and physical functions such as blood pressure and perspiration. They found that people with sleep apnea had decreased levels of GABA and unusually high levels of glutamate.

GABA is a chemical messenger that acts as an inhibitor in the brain, which can slow things down and help to keep people calm — like a brake pedal. GABA affects mood and helps make endorphins.


UCLA
Paul Macey
Glutamate, by contrast, is like an accelerator; when glutamate levels are high, the brain is working in a state of stress, and consequently doesn’t function as effectively. High levels of glutamate can also be toxic to nerves and neurons.

“In previous studies, we’ve seen structural changes in the brain due to sleep apnea, but in this study we actually found substantial differences in these two chemicals that influence how the brain is working,” said Paul Macey, the lead researcher on the study and an associate professor at the UCLA School of Nursing.

Macey said the researchers were taken aback by the differences in the GABA and glutamate levels.

“It is rare to have this size of difference in biological measures,” Macey said. “We expected an increase in the glutamate, because it is a chemical that causes damage in high doses and we have already seen brain damage from sleep apnea. What we were surprised to see was the drop in GABA. That made us realize that there must be a reorganization of how the brain is working.”

Macey says the study’s results are, in a way, encouraging. “In contrast with damage, if something is working differently, we can potentially fix it.”

The link between sleep apnea and changes in the state of the brain is important news for clinicians, Macey said.

“What comes with sleep apnea are these changes in the brain, so in addition to prescribing continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP — a machine used to help an individual sleep easier, which is the gold standard treatment for sleep disturbance — physicians now know to pay attention to helping their patients who have these other symptoms,” Macey said. “Stress, concentration, memory loss — these are the things people want fixed.”

In future studies, the researchers hope to determine whether treating the sleep apnea — using CPAP or other methods — returns patients’ brain chemicals back to normal levels. If not, they will turn to the question of what treatments could be more effective. They are also studying the impacts of mindfulness exercises to see if they can reduce glutamate levels by calming the brain.

The study was conducted at the UCLA Sleep Disorder Center. The other researchers on the study were Manoj Sarma, Rajakumar Nagarajan, Ravi Aysola, Jerome Siegel, Ronald Harper and M. Albert Thomas, all of UCLA.

The research was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by Julie » Sun Feb 14, 2016 7:25 pm

If you want to read some other very interesting stuff - Google 'sleep apnea and ghrelin' and 'sleep apnea and leptin'.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by palerider » Sun Feb 14, 2016 8:36 pm

DeeCPAP wrote:*** THE REAL QUESTION: DOES YOUR CPAP TREATMENT HELP YOUR SYMPTOMS ENOUGH TO CALL IT A SUCCESS?
totally.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by Goofproof » Sun Feb 14, 2016 8:47 pm

Looks like there's a lot more money in writing about Sleep Apnea, than their is in prevention and cure, Unfortunately.

Academia does what it does best, writes papers, others find answers and cures. Jim

Congrats go to Einstein, only took 200 years to prove him right.
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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by jagzoo » Sun Feb 14, 2016 9:07 pm

I totally agree that is the real question: " does your CPAP treatment help your symptoms enough to be called a success ".

I my case, Although all the reports etc. are very good (100 % compliant for 3 yrs w AHI <1 usually, sleep [actually require], around 9 hrs sleep with no Potty break- never did require one) - I suspect if they had been monitoring my brain chemicals - it wouldn't be deamed a success. But I will keep using it just in case (still poor energy, poor sleep efficiency, lack of restorative deep sleep, no improvement in hypertension, have gained weight from BMI of 18 to 22, increased pain - all things that CPAP is supposed to help). I know that I have idiopathic inflammatory disorder with a neurological component as well as idiopathic ( medical speak for " we don't know why") neuropathy but also believe the 2 in lab tests showing moderate OSA with desaturations. I continue with CPAP Even though I don't really see any/much difference, but I do believe it's long term effects on health. But it would be nice to have actual proof that it is doing my brain/body some good - contrary to my personal perceptions.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by palerider » Sun Feb 14, 2016 9:47 pm

Goofproof wrote:Congrats go to Einstein, only took 200 years to prove him right.
is that some kind of time travel thing? given that he was only born 136 years ago.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by chunkyfrog » Sun Feb 14, 2016 9:49 pm

Mathematics notwithstanding, cpap totally works for me.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by Goofproof » Sun Feb 14, 2016 10:22 pm

palerider wrote:
Goofproof wrote:Congrats go to Einstein, only took 200 years to prove him right.
is that some kind of time travel thing? given that he was only born 136 years ago.
That's 200 news media years, and after all he worked on time travel theory too. Jim
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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by DeeCPAP » Mon Feb 15, 2016 12:33 am

jagzoo wrote:I totally agree that is the real question: " does your CPAP treatment help your symptoms enough to be called a success ".

I my case, Although all the reports etc. are very good (100 % compliant for 3 yrs w AHI <1 usually, sleep [actually require], around 9 hrs sleep with no Potty break- never did require one) - I suspect if they had been monitoring my brain chemicals - it wouldn't be deamed a success. But I will keep using it just in case (still poor energy, poor sleep efficiency, lack of restorative deep sleep, no improvement in hypertension, have gained weight from BMI of 18 to 22, increased pain - all things that CPAP is supposed to help). I know that I have idiopathic inflammatory disorder with a neurological component as well as idiopathic ( medical speak for " we don't know why") neuropathy but also believe the 2 in lab tests showing moderate OSA with desaturations. I continue with CPAP Even though I don't really see any/much difference, but I do believe it's long term effects on health. But it would be nice to have actual proof that it is doing my brain/body some good - contrary to my personal perceptions.

Some of us have more than just the sleep apnea issue, I suppose. My cpap numbers look good now, but I still have symptoms that make me wonder how much good sleeping with this 'cpap stuff' on my head is doing -- feels more like a nightmare than a treatment sometimes.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by Hello, World? » Sun Sep 11, 2016 11:51 pm

DeeCPAP wrote:
jagzoo wrote:I totally agree that is the real question: " does your CPAP treatment help your symptoms enough to be called a success ".

I my case, Although all the reports etc. are very good (100 % compliant for 3 yrs w AHI <1 usually, sleep [actually require], around 9 hrs sleep with no Potty break- never did require one) - I suspect if they had been monitoring my brain chemicals - it wouldn't be deamed a success. But I will keep using it just in case (still poor energy, poor sleep efficiency, lack of restorative deep sleep, no improvement in hypertension, have gained weight from BMI of 18 to 22, increased pain - all things that CPAP is supposed to help). I know that I have idiopathic inflammatory disorder with a neurological component as well as idiopathic ( medical speak for " we don't know why") neuropathy but also believe the 2 in lab tests showing moderate OSA with desaturations. I continue with CPAP Even though I don't really see any/much difference, but I do believe it's long term effects on health. But it would be nice to have actual proof that it is doing my brain/body some good - contrary to my personal perceptions.

Some of us have more than just the sleep apnea issue, I suppose. My cpap numbers look good now, but I still have symptoms that make me wonder how much good sleeping with this 'cpap stuff' on my head is doing -- feels more like a nightmare than a treatment sometimes.
What kind of symptoms? I just started on cpap and have had depression, anxiety, memory problems, difficulty focusing, brain fog, and later developed facial tics before finally being diagnosed. I'm wondering what people's experiences have been like recovering from neurological symptoms.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by palerider » Mon Sep 12, 2016 12:15 am

Hello, World? wrote:What kind of symptoms?
digging up and responding to years or many months old threads is a good way to not get a response... check dates of what you're responding to. just a helpful tip since you're new.

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Re: Feb 13, 2016 News: Sleep Apnea and Brain Chemicals

Post by Hello, World? » Mon Sep 12, 2016 11:26 am

palerider wrote:
Hello, World? wrote:What kind of symptoms?
digging up and responding to years or many months old threads is a good way to not get a response... check dates of what you're responding to. just a helpful tip since you're new.
Ok, I'll do that. Thanks.

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