Diabetes

General Discussion on any topic relating to CPAP and/or Sleep Apnea.
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SRSDDS
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Re: Diabetes

Post by SRSDDS » Mon Apr 25, 2011 8:42 pm

LaCansada wrote:To add to all the confusion, please bear in mind that type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are completely separate illnesses. As a nearly life-long type 1 diabetic, I produce no insulin. I do not have insulin resistance that will improve with weight loss as is characteristic of type 2. I believe that having severe undiagnosed OSA, contributed to my morning pre-dawn high sugars by elevating them even more by creating a "flight or fight" kind of trauma to the body by not breathing multiple times each hour. This releases cortisol (the stress hormone) into the system which elevates blood sugar. I am assuming that the same dynamic would operate in type 2 diabetics, however, I am not positive. I am not saying this causes diabetes. I am saying that, in my case, it made my control worse. And, for years, I had no idea why. Nor did the diabetes team at the Univ of Maryland medical center. I think that all type 1 diabetics, even if they are on the lean side (as am I), with poor morning glucose control, need to be screened for symptoms of OSA.

Lisa
Lisa,
I too have had T1 diabetes for almost 40 years, diagnosed at age 19. It has been somewhat complicated in the last few years by insulin resistance, which is being managed with metformin along with the insulin. (I was amazed at how much less insulin I needed after starting the metformin) I am convinced that apnea mimics dawn phenomenon, and plays a significant role in elevated night time and morning blood sugar levels.

T1 and T2 are similar in that they both can result in high blood sugar and resulting complications. They have separate etiologies, and can be concurrent, as in my case. An endocrinologist once told me that the disease is not diabetes, it is high blood sugar. We need to look at the whole picture, including OSA, in order to control the disease of high blood sugar.

Stephen

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Kiralynx
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Re: Diabetes

Post by Kiralynx » Mon Apr 25, 2011 9:13 pm

SRSDDS wrote:The low carb, high fat/protein diet works to "control" blood glucose only because fat and protein are much more slowly metabolized and place a commensurately lower strain on the compromised metabolism of a diabetic. However, that diet comes with a truly deadly consequence--it causes ketoacidosis. My grandfather lasted about 6 years on just such a diet until he went into an acidosis coma and died. Aside from ketoacidosis death, a high fat diet is certainly not beneficial for one's cardiac health.

And, no matter what the reason, if you present with a fasting blood glucose of over 140, and have a blood glucose over 180 during a glucose tolerance test, you are by definition diabetic.

Stephen,

Well, I'm afraid we'll have to agree to disagree about the question of healthy fats being bad for the heart. Soy oil, transfats, most vegetable oils, yeah, they're bad. But good butter from milk from pasture-fed cows, extra-virgin coconut oil, and other top quality fats are superior. See also, the Weston-Price Foundation, and traditionally prepared foods. What is currently touted as "healthy" came about from pure politics.

I wouldn't know about a GTT because I won't take one -- my gut won't tolerate the concentrated di- and tri-saccharides and I refuse to have violent diarrhea for 4-6 weeks after such a test, which is what will happen. My fasting blood glucose has never been over 100, and usually, it's lower, depending on what the lab normals are.

And, a ketogenic diet, properly supervised, can be of benefit. But the key here is that (a) it needs to be supervised, and (b) the medical practitioner doing the supervision has to understand what the <bleep> s/he is supervising and why.

Still, as I say -- we shall likely have to agree to disagree on this.

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purple
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Re: Diabetes

Post by purple » Mon Apr 25, 2011 11:07 pm

SRSDDS: Saying the Pancreas burns out is a bit of an oversimplification on my part which should have included increasing Insulin Resistance. I was more focused on finishing a really long post.

I do not feel offended by your statements, as most of the opinions mentioned did not come from me. I think I usually attributed them to their source and usually did not include much include my own feeling about whether the opinion was correct. For instance, it was the hypothesis by the surgeon who did early stomach operations that diabetes went away (I think it was either stomach stapling, or some other stomach sized reduction) because of a reduction in stomach size. Perhaps that information has been completely over ridden by much better research and knowledge. Your observation that the person is no longer a diabetic because they are no longer taking in as much sugar seemed to me the good answer. I felt that the Surgeon was clearly referring to the idea that the body chemistry was significantly changed by an effect other than a simple reduction in blood sugar. One of the problem for me with that is, I know that simply not eating is not a very good way to lose weight. Someone once told me (and not speaking of a Diabetic person) that to lose weight the first thing one must do is eat breakfast. I do not see much of any acceptance to the idea that diabetes can be made worse by the stomach getting air during treatment, and would not discourage anyone from seeking treatment for Sleep Apnea about the potential for increasing Diabetes from air into the stomach during treatment.

When I mentioned that the Pharmacist said she was not a Diabetic, it is not my opinion, and you are in a better position to know. My memory of her lecture is not perfect, perhaps the blood sugar of 180 she mentioned was lower and my statement might be off a bit, but it was an extraordinarily high number for a normal person. Perhaps, if our class had asked, she might have described herself as a pre-diabetic. The point was that stress can cause our bodies to do extraordinary things, like quickly cause high blood sugar, as can a bit of food we felt was innocuous.

In some of my descriptions, I was trying to help someone identify the symptoms which might effect them, that would reveal they are diabetics, or in some stage of pre-diabetes. Like diabetics do not create muscle, or at least not easily.

When I said some drugs stimulate the pancreas to create more insulin, I find I was incorrect. As I do not take Metformin I had not researched it: As I look it up just now, Apparently the primary action of Metformin is to reduce the amount of sugar released by the liver. My GP told me that the drug he prescribed for me both stimulated the Pancreas to produce more Insulin as well as reduce Insulin resistance. I do take Glimepiride, (Amaryl) As I look it up right now.

"Like all sulfonylureas, glimepiride acts as a secretagogue.[3] It lowers blood sugar by stimulating the release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells and by inducing increased activity of intracellular insulin receptors."

While I am glad to hear that some parts of the Medical establishment now accepts "high insulin levels" are extremely dangerous, I do not hear that from my GP, or from my GP of any advice about how to prevent such high insulin levels. While suspect because it came off the internet news, I did read of a study where one group had much more tightly controlled blood sugars and had worse outcomes than the group which had less well controlled blood sugars. One of the constant conclusions of researchers seems to say that we need to have far lower blood sugars to prevent damage, never lower insulin levels. At no point have I ever gotten a recommended routine for me on how to keep the Sugar and Insulin do very big yo yo swings in my body. It is mostly eat small meals with variety at fixed times, that are limited carb, limited fat, always with some protein to feel satiated, exercise more. Check Blood sugar once a day.

I did not mention, that it is astonishing how little exercise it takes to keep blood sugars down. I have been told that exercise not only burns off -hopefully glucose, but it reduces insulin resistance. We should probably start a thread on how exercise can help people to sleep, or is it keep them awake because they did it too close to going to bed.

I feel you made an excellent point in saying that people should rely upon their MD and Diabetic team for info. I certainly acknowledge that every case is different. Plus, as you say, the internet is truly a poor place to get info.

Perhaps Doc, you could help us all by starting a thread on how people should go to their doctor and how they should plan to interact with their doctor. I know that some of us started expecting instant miracles from our Doctors, and they mostly take time to work through the different health issues we have, and have tests and treatments that are not very pleasant. Seems like we must go to a GP perhaps 3 or 4 times before he stops looking for the issues which seem to be crucial to him, like hypertension, and begins to work on the issues which seem more important to us, like constant pain. Or how they seem to very casual about some serious pain, like migraines, as I think they do not want to actually make the pain worse by acting overly concerned with it. Or how treatments sometimes a bit of trial and error to find out what works for each patient. We need to be clear to pursue some treatments for a sufficient period of time, like hypertension drugs for several weeks, as the process of adjusting to the drug can take that long before we begin to feel normal again. Likewise I think you make a good point in saying something about the Atkins diet. Advocates of the Atkins diet love to talk about how many pounds have been lost, whereas the medical profession sees those individuals who have destroyed their kidneys with the Atkins diet. Those people who, after following popular theory (in this case the Atkins diet) and thereby destroy their own health, and will die prematurely. Doctors know about those cases, and the general public does not seem to listen very well. I think SRSDDS can explain all of this better than I can.

Also to talk about - how do I say it, how to implement the mental toughness to stay the course of a long term treatment, like Diabetes, which I am feel you have mastered with all the years of diabetic treatment you have been on. Perhaps that kind of thing is easier for doctors as you often see those who failed in taking good care of their bodies. Like it is easier if one talks every week with someone who has had parts of their body amputated for lack of good Diabetic treatment. or to implement a good diet exercise program if one sees several heart patients every week, people who huff and puff to get to the mailbox and back.

For me, I knew I needed treatment for sleep problems. Use of a Sleep Apnea machine lead to first night improvement of sleep, and quality of life. I love my Sleep Apnea machine. On the other hand, Diabetes treatment is a constant suffering and misery which could only be worse by one thing, the consequences of untreated or poorly treated Diabetes.

Personally, I have friends who refuse to see doctors because of a few really bad experiences with docs. Often I find some do not realize how much medical knowledge and treatment has improved in just the last few years, let alone the years since they last saw a doc. Individuals who do not know how much a doctor can do for an individual. Some simply because they do not know how really caring medical professionals are. It is difficult for me to see some choose to suffer, literally to the point where they hurt enough or are afraid enough that they will go to the ER, as opposed to choosing a life where they could feel better. I hate going to funerals, even more funerals of friends.

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Captain_Midnight
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Re: Diabetes

Post by Captain_Midnight » Mon Apr 25, 2011 11:27 pm

Here you go...

(abstract below excerpted from Pub Med) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112020
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Oct;24(5):703-15.
Obstructive sleep apnea: role in the risk and severity of diabetes.
Pamidi S, Aronsohn RS, Tasali E.

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a treatable sleep disorder that is pervasive among overweight and obese individuals. Current evidence supports a robust association between OSA and insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and the risk of type 2 diabetes, independent of obesity. Up to 83% of patients with type 2 diabetes suffer from unrecognized OSA and increasing severity of OSA is independently associated with poorer glucose control. Evidence from animal and human models that mimic OSA supports a potential causal role for OSA in altered glucose metabolism. Robust prospective and randomized clinical trials are still needed to test the hypothesis that effective treatment of OSA may prevent the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications, or reduce its severity. Type 2 diabetes is occurring at alarming rates worldwide and despite available treatment options, the economic and public health burden of this epidemic remains enormous. OSA might represent a novel, modifiable risk factor for the development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

.

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Big Stevoreno
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Re: Diabetes

Post by Big Stevoreno » Tue Apr 26, 2011 12:21 am

I was diagnosed with sleep apnea while a patient in a hospital back in the mid 90's, a nurse came into check on me during the night and I had stopped breathing. I finally got up the courage to undergo my first 2 night sleep study in 1999. I've been pre-diabetic since 2005 when my former primary care physician ordered me my first glucose testing machine and enough strips and lancets to test my blood sugar 2 times a day each month. My current primary care physician who I've been with since March 2009 had me to continue monitoring my blood sugar, testing twice a day and for me to keep a journal of my glucose readings when I tested.

It was after receiving lab results back from the hospital in May 2010 that my fasting blood sugar numbers came back high, "144" and it was then that my doctor diagnosed me with Type 2 diabetes and put me on Metformin 500MG tablets for the first time, taking one tablet each morning. In August 2010 more labs were done, my new numbers came back slightly higher, this time they came back reading "154" so the doctor increased my Metformin 500MG tablets from one a day to two a day. I can't say for certain if being on CPAP will cause you to become diabetic, it could have been the other way around, you could be a diabetic first then diagnosed with sleep apnea. Either case my doctor wants me to try and drop 100 pounds in the next year, he said if I could it would help my diabetic situation but since he's not my sleep doctor he said losing 100 pounds might also help my sleep apnea situation as well.




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purple
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Re: Diabetes

Post by purple » Tue Apr 26, 2011 8:06 am

Big Stevoreno, if you figure out a way to lose weight with Type Type Diabetes for successive months, not just a hundred pounds in a year, then please let me know how you did it.

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SRSDDS
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Re: Diabetes

Post by SRSDDS » Tue Apr 26, 2011 9:03 am

Big Stevoreno wrote:I I can't say for certain if being on CPAP will cause you to become diabetic, it could have been the other way around, you could be a diabetic first then diagnosed with sleep apnea.
Could be both. From PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112030

Metabolic consequences of intermittent hypoxia: relevance to obstructive sleep apnea.
Drager LF, Jun JC, Polotsky VY.
Source

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is recurrent obstruction of the upper airway leading to sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep. There is growing evidence from animal models of OSA that IH is independently associated with metabolic dysfunction, including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. The precise mechanisms by which IH induces metabolic disturbances are not fully understood. Over the last decade, several groups of investigators developed a rodent model of IH, which emulates the oxyhemoglobin profile in human OSA. In the mouse model, IH induces dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and pancreatic endocrine dysfunction, similar to those observed in human OSA. Recent reports provided new insights in possible mechanisms by which IH affects lipid and glucose metabolism. IH may induce dyslipidemia by up-regulating lipid biosynthesis in the liver, increasing adipose tissue lipolysis with subsequent free fatty acid flux to the liver, and inhibiting lipoprotein clearance. IH may affect glucose metabolism by inducing sympathetic activation, increasing systemic inflammation, increasing counter-regulatory hormones and fatty acids, and causing direct pancreatic beta-cell injury. IH models of OSA have improved our understanding of the metabolic impact of OSA, but further studies are needed before we can translate recent basic research findings to clinical practice.

Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The plot thickens..........

Stephen

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SRSDDS
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Re: Diabetes

Post by SRSDDS » Tue Apr 26, 2011 9:08 am

Purple,
You have the attitude of a very healthy person, and it looks like you do your homework with a great deal of understanding. Mix that together with what works well for you, and you have the path to success that you enjoy!

One thing I have to say about this group--this is one of the most well informed and thoughtful lay medical groups I have encountered.

Stephen

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SRSDDS
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Re: Diabetes

Post by SRSDDS » Tue Apr 26, 2011 9:20 am

One More http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19958890


Am J Med. 2009 Dec;122(12):1122-7.
Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Botros N, Concato J, Mohsenin V, Selim B, Doctor K, Yaggi HK.
Source

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
Abstract
PURPOSE:

Cross-sectional studies have documented the co-occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (hereafter, sleep apnea) with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereafter, diabetes). It has not been determined, however, whether sleep apnea is independently associated with the subsequent development of diabetes, accounting for established risk factors.
METHODS:
This observational cohort study examined 1233 consecutive patients in the Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System referred for evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing; 544 study participants were free of preexisting diabetes and completed a full, attended, diagnostic polysomnogram. The study population was divided into quartiles based on severity of sleep apnea as measured by the apnea-hypopnea index. The main outcome was incident diabetes defined as fasting glucose level >126 mg/dL and a corresponding physician diagnosis. Compliance with positive airway pressure therapy, and its impact on the main outcome, also was examined.
RESULTS:
In unadjusted analysis, increasing severity of sleep apnea was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (P for linear trend <.001). After adjusting for age, sex, race, baseline fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and weight change, an independent association was found between sleep apnea and incident diabetes (hazard ratio per quartile 1.43; confidence interval 1.10-1.86). Among patients with more severe sleep apnea (upper 2 quartiles of severity), 60% had evidence of regular positive airway pressure use, and this treatment was associated with an attenuation of the risk of diabetes (log-rank test P=.04).
CONCLUSION:
Sleep apnea increases the risk of developing diabetes, independent of other risk factors. Among patients with more severe sleep apnea, regular positive airway pressure use may attenuate this risk.

Stephen


purple
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Re: Diabetes

Post by purple » Sun May 01, 2011 4:36 pm

On target with the points raised here.

http://www.resmed.com/us/clinicians/abo ... clinicians