AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

General Discussion on any topic relating to CPAP and/or Sleep Apnea.
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lazarus
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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by lazarus » Fri Jan 06, 2023 1:15 am

dataq1 wrote:
Thu Jan 05, 2023 9:57 pm
lazarus wrote:
Thu Jan 05, 2023 1:35 pm
AHI is often quite sufficient for evaluating how effectively an airway is being stabilized for someone with uncomplicated OSA.
SO ..... no value to observe pulse-ox readings during a titration study ?????
Lab pro versions are sensitive enough to reliably document transient desats. If you live in a lab, great.

Otherwise, apples and oranges, since home treatment trending data is not the same as diagnostic studies or titration studies.
Tec5 wrote:
Thu Jan 05, 2023 9:38 pm
Are you suggesting that people who wear Oura rings (or similar) and transfer that info to OSCAR are wasting their time and money?
They are mostly providing themselves entertainment, at best. Well, that, and keeping the Chinese economy healthy.

I have several quality home recording pulse-oxes lying around. I have used them on occasion. I personally consider them to do OK at catching sustained desats. I do not consider them good enough reliably to score hypopneas. They are lousy at giving useful trending data when compared to home-treatment-machine AHI data, for evaluating OSA home treatment, in my opinion, for me.

Hey, collect all the substandard data you want. But I would say that home-machine-AHI trending over time is the valuable data not to be ignored. That's why that is what is collected by clinicians for ongoing home treatment trending data instead of collecting mere home-pulse-ox data. I mean, for those clinicians who actually do that sort of thing. Both of them.

There is no need to keep trying to diagnose ourselves or keep titrating ourselves every night. Once you are being treated all night every night, all you really need is trending data: AHI.

If your lungs or heart go bad, you should have daytime symptoms and indications, too, which can be diagnosed by a doc and perhaps also seen in home equipment, not just with sleep symptoms.

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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by billbolton » Fri Jan 06, 2023 5:49 pm

25YearsOnCPAP wrote:
Thu Jan 05, 2023 7:18 pm
"Very few OSA patients have no other health problems.
Since few people in the population at large have no health problems, that is just an extremely facile assertion.

While it is certainly true that xPAP therapy does not address all Disordered Sleep Breathing health problems, nonetheless it does successfully treat a very great proportion of them. Relatively simple metrics, like AHI, are adequate/suitable for monitoring the success of OSA treatment for most patients, with the more detailed data available from data-capture capable xPAP devices being useful for additional analysis.

For patients with genuinely complex health problems, there are already numerous well known methods for monitoring additional metrics applicable to the various DSO related conditions beyond the scope of OSA therapy.

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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by dataq1 » Fri Jan 06, 2023 7:20 pm

billbolton wrote:
Fri Jan 06, 2023 5:49 pm

Relatively simple metrics, like AHI, are adequate/suitable for monitoring the success of OSA treatment for most patients
While I understand the sentiment you express, many of us realize that AHI values on their own are not wholly reliable. Consider the incorrectly identified events that are actually due to body repositioning or sleep-wake junk.
The impact of these incorrectly identified events becomes more significant at lower AHI levels. (The influence of 2 incorrectly identified events against a background of 50 valid events is minimal as contrasted to the same 2 events against a background of 5 valid events).

So how is the “success of OSA treatment” measured?
If the success is measured exclusively by change in AHI, and the change is determined by comparison of an untreated (aka a sleep study) with ongoing treated AHI, it becomes imperative that the sleep study AHI actually is representative of the patient’s NORMAL (day after day) untreated AHI.
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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by dataq1 » Fri Jan 06, 2023 7:33 pm

25YearsOnCPAP wrote:
Thu Jan 05, 2023 1:13 pm
Watched great YT video from Mayo Clinic expert on OSA and Cardiovascular Disease.
BTW, the “message” I got from this video, was not so much the AHI “not good”, but rather was an incomplete measure.
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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by lazarus » Fri Jan 06, 2023 8:34 pm

I believe that day-to-day, week-to-week, month-to-month AHI trending data need not be exact or comprehensive or all-encompassing or infallible in order to be as useful as they are for keeping treatment pressure(s) optimal. That is in no way an anti-data stance; it is a practical-recognition-of-relative-value-for-the-majority stance. Naturally, of course, there can be individual exceptions to any rule of thumb.

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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by Tec5 » Fri Jan 06, 2023 9:44 pm

lazarus wrote:
Fri Jan 06, 2023 8:34 pm
Just so I'm clear on this when you refer to "trending data" are you meaning something like this:
overview oct 6 to Dec 30.jpg
overview oct 6 to Dec 30.jpg (40.35 KiB) Viewed 2052 times
Or did you have something else in mind?

BTW, the graph above also seems to show that the preponderance of events are hypopneas with OA and CA (almost) extinguished.
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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by ozij » Fri Jan 06, 2023 11:22 pm

25YearsOnCPAP wrote:
Thu Jan 05, 2023 1:13 pm
Watched great YT video from Mayo Clinic expert on OSA and Cardiovascular Disease.
State-of-the-Art Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease
https://youtu.be/56Z4cwZZuII

He says AHI is poor metric to measure effectiveness of CPAP therapy. That AHI can be great but sleep apnea patient on CPAP can be having sleep fragmentation, hypercapnic load and cardiac issues. Periodic re-evaluation of pulse oximetry, blood pressure/heart rate and EEG may reveal conditions hidden by a good AHI and compliance. This is excellent point and a reminder that preventing apnea events not whole picture.
Thank you for a fascinating 54 minute webinar, by cardiologists, for cardiologists, and very informative for those of us who suffer from OSA, whether with or without cardio-vascular related problems.

Nothing in it about the role about self-monitoring of AHI by adherent CPAP users -- it's not what concerns the speakers.
Much about atrial fibrilation, myocardial infarction. The need to re-evaluate people with AF - especially of course if it returns despite CPAP treatment.

An eye opening comment at about 27': when they do randomized control trials that include untreated people in a control group without CPAP therapy, the subjects (in both groups) are not sleepy people to start with, because the doctors are afraid to leave sleepy people without CPAP, since if they drive a car (or a tanker) and crash it, it's the doctor's "fault".

And yet when they looked at non treated people who had and MI, those with exessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) were much more likely to have Major Adverse Cardiac Events within 3 years that those who didn't.
https://youtu.be/56Z4cwZZuII?t=2360

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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by lazarus » Sat Jan 07, 2023 1:30 am

Tec5 wrote:
Fri Jan 06, 2023 9:44 pm
when you refer to "trending data"
All AHI reported by home-treatment machines is provided as, and meant to be used as, trending data only. Not diagnostic data. Not a form of titration data. Just a way to see if a patient's numbers are going up, going down, or staying the same.

Confusion results when people look at the tools used for diagnostics and titration and assume home-treatment-machine reported (or actually, estimated) AHI and home pulse-ox is the same as what a lab reports with similarly named, but very different, tools.

My only points in this thread are (1) that treatment-machine-reported AHI is a very valuable tool and (2) that people without overnight-recording-home-consumer-level oximeters should not be made to feel that they are being irresponsible for not having them, as if that tool is somehow necessary for all OSA sufferers to get a better or more accurate picture of whether their airway is being stabilized by PAP.

Now that I've made those same two points approximately 27 times in one thread, I'll move on. I promise. I'll just assume that anyone capable of understanding those points already does. :lol:

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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by Tec5 » Sat Jan 07, 2023 7:46 am

lazarus wrote:
Sat Jan 07, 2023 1:30 am
laughing out loud ?

Simple question (asked again)
Is the attached overview graphic what you mean by “trending data”?

The reason I ask this question is because the overview graphic is almost never seen on the forum, normally seen is single night data.

You have made the point that home acquired oximetry data is “entertaining” but not necessarily useful ; fine, that’s your opinion. But that should not infer that xPAPers who want that supplemental data are just pleasuring their egos or something.

Back to my question, is the overview graphic what you mean by “trending data”, or is there some other representation that is useful to demonstrate “trends”?
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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by robysue1 » Sat Jan 07, 2023 8:27 am

lazarus wrote:
Sat Jan 07, 2023 1:30 am
Tec5 wrote:
Fri Jan 06, 2023 9:44 pm
when you refer to "trending data"
All AHI reported by home-treatment machines is provided as, and meant to be used as, trending data only. Not diagnostic data. Not a form of titration data. Just a way to see if a patient's numbers are going up, going down, or staying the same.

Confusion results when people look at the tools used for diagnostics and titration and assume home-treatment-machine reported (or actually, estimated) AHI and home pulse-ox is the same as what a lab reports with similarly named, but very different, tools.

My only points in this thread are (1) that treatment-machine-reported AHI is a very valuable tool and (2) that people without overnight-recording-home-consumer-level oximeters should not be made to feel that they are being irresponsible for not having them, as if that tool is somehow necessary for all OSA sufferers to get a better or more accurate picture of whether their airway is being stabilized by PAP.

Now that I've made those same two points approximately 27 times in one thread, I'll move on. I promise. I'll just assume that anyone capable of understanding those points already does. :lol:
I agree 100% with lazarus. And thank you for saying this so many times so that for once, I'm not the one reiterating it over and over.
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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by robysue1 » Sat Jan 07, 2023 9:09 am

Tec5 wrote:
Sat Jan 07, 2023 7:46 am
lazarus wrote:
Sat Jan 07, 2023 1:30 am
laughing out loud ?

Simple question (asked again)
Is the attached overview graphic what you mean by “trending data”?
Yes, this is one way trending data can be presented.
The reason I ask this question is because the overview graphic is almost never seen on the forum, normally seen is single night data.
Some of the folks on this forum (including myself) are numbers geeks. The detailed daily data is mostly important for fixing specific problems. Unless the detailed daily data is representative of the overall trend it is not a good idea to generalize about the overall efficacy of xPAP therapy from one night's detailed data. But when a person is clearly having trouble with xPAP and/or is still not feeling well in spite of using xPAP all night long, every night, looking at the detailed data provides a great deal of insight into what might be wrong.

One of the most common problems that can lead to ineffective xPAP treatment is the presence of significant leaks. The leaks can effect therapy in more than one way, but a lot of newbies who are struggling with leak problems may not be aware that leaks are, in fact, the problem.

Sleep fragmentation is not always caused by respiratory events, and if the machine reported AHI is already very low night after night after night, but the sleep remains fragmented, then it's time to start looking elsewhere for the cause of the sleep fragmentation instead of jumping to the conclusion that the OSA is not being reasonably well treated. xPAP data may very well not shed much light on other sleep issues when someone is not responding to xPAP therapy by "feeling better" after genuinely acclimating to xPAP therapy. (And sometimes it can take months rather than just a few weeks to genuinely acclimate to xPAP.)

You have made the point that home acquired oximetry data is “entertaining” but not necessarily useful ; fine, that’s your opinion. But that should not infer that xPAPers who want that supplemental data are just pleasuring their egos or something.
Lazarus's point is that if you believe that the machine reported AHI is so inaccurate as to be useless, then you should be equally cautious about thinking that consumer-oriented tools (like Smart Watches and O2 rings) are totally accurate in terms of measuring night-time transient O2 desats that may only last a few seconds.

For people with known cardiac problems or for people who are genuinely worried about O2 desats occurring despite using xPAP, sure it might be useful to get a Smart Watch or O2 ring (if you can afford it) and spend the time looking at that data---particularly if you go through the trouble of syncing it up with the daily data from Oscar.

But for most of us, adding that data is not likely to shed any significant light on why a particular night was less than restful: Even people without OSA and without cardiac problems can have really bad sleep on occasion. And people can have significant problems with fragmented, non-restorative sleep for a whole bunch of reasons that have no connection to either OSA or cardiac issues.

Where I come down on this debate is pretty simple:

If you are feeling pretty decent when you wake up each morning and your machine AHI is typically reasonably low, then there is a pretty high probability that your OSA is being well managed by your xPAP therapy. And there's no need to "add" additional data that requires additional equipment and time to analyze just to determine what you already know.

Conversely, If you are not feeling pretty decent when you wake up on most mornings AND you are using your xPAP all night long, every single night, you (and ideally your doctors) need to do some real investigation into what is still wrong with your sleep. Part of that is the obvious: Look at the trending data for AHI---if this is too high, then that's a pretty good indication that the xPAP therapy might not yet be optimized. Look at sleep fragmentation and leaks---if someone is waking up 6-10 times every night to turn the machine off and back on or there's a lot of leaking going on, that can explain why someone is not yet feeling better: You have to actually get some quality sleep for xPAP to make a difference. And, in particularly, if O2 desats were a significant problem on the diagnostic sleep study, it may very well be worth tracking O2 levels for a while and see if they correspond with flow limitations and micro-events that are not flagged as hypopneas or apneas because they don't last for 10 seconds.
Back to my question, is the overview graphic what you mean by “trending data”, or is there some other representation that is useful to demonstrate “trends”?
Trending data includes more than just the AHI. One other important trending data is the actual usage data: Looking at the number of hours used, the actual hours the machine is used, and the number of times the machine is turned off and back on over the course of several months is the easiest way to establish whether a person is both using their machine all night, every night AND whether that person is likely dealing with sleep issues tied to bad sleep hygiene and/or significant sleep fragmentation issues that might not be associated with under treated OSA.

And, quite frankly, if you are going through the trouble of collecting O2 data, the trending data for the O2 data is probably far more important than the O2 data for any particular night. If you have one rare bad night with a bunch of desats scored by the oximeter of your choice, that most likely doesn't indicate anything is wrong. If you frequently have nights with a significant number of desats, that probably does indicate you (and your doctors) need to be investigating things further.
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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by lazarus » Sat Jan 07, 2023 11:10 am

Thank you for taking the time to provide that nuanced clarification, RobySue. I learned from it. The world needs a greater number of generous, patient, persistent educators like you.

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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by Tec5 » Sat Jan 07, 2023 11:52 am

robysue1 wrote:
Sat Jan 07, 2023 9:09 am

Simple question (asked again)
Is the attached overview graphic what you mean by “trending data”?
Yes, this is one way trending data can be presented.
Does OSCAR provide a better way of presenting "trending data"?

Regarding oximetry:
You have made the point that home acquired oximetry data is “entertaining” but not necessarily useful ; fine, that’s your opinion. But that should not infer that xPAPers who want that supplemental data are just pleasuring their egos or something.
Lazarus's point is that if you believe that the machine reported AHI is so inaccurate as to be useless, then you should be equally cautious about thinking that consumer-oriented tools (like Smart Watches and O2 rings) are totally accurate in terms of measuring night-time transient O2 desats that may only last a few seconds.
I don't know that anyone (in this thread) has suggested that machine reported AHI is "useless", certainly not myself. So the linkage you suggest is incorrect.

Obviously all machines are subject to measurement error, both XPaP generated as well as oximeters, that's a given. It is well known that xPAP generated data-events can be corrupted by sleep-wake junk, high leak rates etc. Oximeters are likewise subject to error from skin coloration, loss of skin contact etc.

However, what L said regarding oximeter users was:
They are mostly providing themselves entertainment, at best. Well, that, and keeping the Chinese economy healthy.
I disagree with that characterization of oximeter users, and the implication that Oximetry observation (in conjunction with XPap) is valueless.

There is an active thread (on that other board) about a Auto CPap user's journey to obtain supplemental 02 that was initiated because he was observing significant desaturations during his Pap therapy. He and his doctor would likely say that the oximetry data had significant value to his health.
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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by lazarus » Sat Jan 07, 2023 3:32 pm

Yes, it is possible for someone to notice symptoms of lung disease during the day or during the night. I don't consider that a medical reason for everyone on the planet to walk around all day, or sleep all night, with a bad-quality O2 sensor attached to themselves somewhere.

But if someone wants to do that, hey, fine. It isn't hurting anyone. Probably a healthier choice than using that money to buy a Big Mac, a lotto ticket, and a pack of smokes.
lazarus wrote:
Sat Jan 07, 2023 1:30 am
I'll move on. I promise.
OK, so I lied.

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Re: AHI not good metric to determine CPAP effectiveness

Post by lazarus » Sat Jan 07, 2023 3:36 pm

dataq1 wrote:
Thu Jan 05, 2023 9:57 pm
lazarus wrote:
Thu Jan 05, 2023 1:35 pm
AHI is often quite sufficient for evaluating how effectively an airway is being stabilized for someone with uncomplicated OSA.
SO ..... no value to observe pulse-ox readings during a titration study ?????
Objection: Asked and answered, Your Honor.

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