Re: Medical mediator needed
Posted: Sat Oct 12, 2013 2:58 pm
Thanks, robysue, for putting so much thought into your reply. Your inquiries are very pertinent. I'll insert my responses below to easily keep them in context.
[I'll leave it to others here to comment on that while I mull on it. I sure don't feel any breathing discomfort that I would expect from so many maximum high spikes on the flow limitation graph. Thus I tend to wonder whether they are false artifacts attributable to a lack of design adjustment in the ResScan graph software when ResMed designed the S9 VPAP Adapt. When you make a significant hardware change to produce a new hardware model (the Adapt), the associated performance monitoring software typically requires associated design changes that may not have been made. Thank you for pondering this in such detail. ]robysue wrote:Papit wrote: anyone else here who’s interested in knowing why a patient’s flow limitation graphs are showing many maximum high spikes every single night while his average AHI is about 1.0 consistently for three months after being switched from the S9 AutoSet to the S9 VPAP Adapt(?). During the patient’s use of the AutoSet for over a year, (my) AHI averaged 17 while flow limitations were consistently very low. What explains these anomalies?
Papit,
I'm not a doc or a tech. So I can't help you wrangle any information out of Resmed.
But I have reviewed your comments in this thread: Re: definition of flow limitation as well as your comments on this thread. You've been asking essentially the same question on both threads:
After looking at the data you posted in this response viewtopic.php?f=1&t=91643&st=0&sk=t&sd= ... 45#p845983 very closely, plus what you've said here and elsewhere, I'm beginning to think that the real answer to your question is:
- "Why are my FL so much higher on the VPAP Adapt even though my AHI is so much lower than it was on the AutoSet?
The two machines have different settings and different algorithms and they work in slightly different ways. But the slight differences in the way the two machine work may fully explain why you are getting different results from the two machines.
- You are comparing apples to oranges
But in order to really figure out what's going on, there are three pieces of information that I need but cannot find in your posts:
1) What were the pressure settings on the S9 AutoSet when you were using it? [Auto mode: 7 Min, 11 Max] Were you using EPR? If so, at what setting. [Yes. EPR 3, Full time.] And what are your current settings on the S9 VPAP Adapt? [Standard mode "ASV," EPAP: 7.0, Max PS: 10.0, Min PS: 2.0 cmH2O ]
2) Are you using the S9 VPAP Adapt in full Auto mode (where EPAP can change) or are you using it in plain Adapt mode (where EPAP is fixed)? [Plain Adapt "ASV" mode. I tried the "ASV Auto mode for a few days and saw little difference.]
3) On the S9 AutoSet you've stated your AHI averaged 17. What was the break down of the events scored by the S9 AutoSet? Mostly centrals? Mostly OAs? Mostly Hs? [Centrals consistently exceeded Obstructives by a ratio of 3:1 and often higher than that.] (In other words, were you switched to the VPAP Adapt because of CompSA or CSA? [Yes.] Or was there another justification for moving you from the AutoSet to the VPAP Adapt?) [High Centrals compared to Obstructives.]
These three pieces of information are relevant to figuring out why the VPAP Adapt is scoring many more FLs and many less AHI events than the S9 AutoSet did because the answers to these questions control how each machine responds to your breathing pattern during the night; and that response controls how your body reacts to the algorithm, which in turn determines the data you are looking at.
If you were moved to the VPAP Adapt because of clinically significant residual problems with CAs, then the settings on the two machines and the differences between the AutoSet's Auto algorithm and the VPAP Adapt's Auto and Adapt algorithms may be the ultimate explanation for why you are seeing more FL on the VPAP Adapt and less AHI events on the VPAP Adapt.
On the AutoSet, in Auto mode the min pressure setting, the max pressure setting and the EPR setting control the range of possible pressures for each exhalation and each inhalation. As I understand it, on the VPAP Adapt, in Auto mode the min EPAP setting, the max EPAP, the min PS setting and the max PS setting control the range of possible pressures for each exhalation and each inhalation. (The "max IPAP" is equal to Max EPAP + Max PS.) If the VPAP Adapt is set to fixed EPAP mode, then the EPAP setting, the min PS, and the max PS control the range of possible pressures for each exhalation and inhalation. (The "max IPAP" is equal to EPAP + Max PS.)
And even if the settings on your VPAP Adapt seem to be direct translations of the settings on the AutoSet, the differences between the AutoSet's Auto algorithm and both the VPAP Adapt's fixed EPAP Adapt algorithm and the VPAP Adapt's variable EPAP Adapt algorithm can lead to very different (effective) ranges of possible pressures for each inhalation and each exhalation. And this could very well lead to a different physical reaction to PAP pressure in your upper airway. And that's why I think you may be comparing apples to oranges when you try to compare the data from the two different machines: Saying "the AutoSet gave me a higher AHI than the VPAP Adjust" is saying the apple is tarter than the orange and saying "the AutoSet gave me a lower FL than the VPAP Adjust" is saying the the apple less juicy than the orange. [I hope that's not the case. An AHI reading or graph should be accurate and not the same on two machines that utilize two different design algorithms. Ditto flow limitations. Is my body really having more difficulty with obstructive breathing on the Adapt as compared to the AutoSet? That's not what the AHI figures say. Or is the Adapt producing false data or the ResScan software not correctly designed to graph flow limitation data?] Maybe so because, again, my body is not having more difficulty, or at least more discomfort, using the Adapt as compared to the AutoSet.
A long and detailed EXAMPLE
What follows is an analysis of how seemingly similar settings on the AutoSet and the VPAP Adapt can lead to different overall pressure levels when the machines are actually used.
Let's suppose your AutoSet settings were something like these totally made up numbers:On any given exhalation, the pressure would be between 4 and 12 cm. On any given inhalation, the pressure would be between 7 and 15 cm. But on EVERY breath, the difference in pressure would be 3 cm. And any time the machine detected a flow limitation, snoring, or a group of two or more closely grouped Hs and OAs, the machine would raise BOTH the "EPAP" and the "IPAP" by exactly the same amount so that "IPAP - EPAP" remains at 3 cm. The AutoSet does not increase EITHER the "EPAP" or the "IPAP" when it scores CAs---even nasty clusters of CAs. And if the machine is reporting a median pressure setting of 12 cm, that would mean that for at least 50% of the night EPAP >= 9 cm and IPAP >= 12 cm.
- min pressure = 7 cm
max pressure = 15 cm
EPR = 3 cm
Now let's suppose are using your VPAP Adapt in auto-EPAP adjusting mode. And let's assume your VPAP Adapt's basic settings are start out (superfically) looking as close to the AutoSet's as possible:On any given inhalation, the pressure would be between 7 and 15 cm. But on any given exhalation, the pressure would be between 4 and 10 cm. So there's LESS room for EPAP to increase if the max IPAP is set to the same setting as it was on the AutoSet. And that means that over the course of the night, the average and median values of EPAP pressure are likely to be lower than they were on the AutoSet. And that means there's a better chance that flow limitations can get through since the VPAP Adapt uses increased EPAP pressure to address flow limitations. [But note that flow limitations are reading far higher on the ADAPT and far lower on the AutoSet.]
- min EPAP = 4 cm
max EPAP = 10 cm
min PS = 3 cm
max PS = 5 cm
(note this gives us a comparable max IPAP = 15 to the max pressure of the AutoSet's setting).
Of course, we could just allow the max IPAP to go up to 17 and set the VPAP Adapt to something like:With these settings, on any given inhalation, the pressure would be between 7 and 17 cm. On any given exhalation, the exhale pressure would be between 4 and 12 cm. BUT the difference between the IPAP and EPAP pressures now is allowed to range anywhere from 3 cm to 8 cm. In other words, it is possible that for some periods during the night that the IPAP may be much, much higher than the EPAP. And so the time spent at or near max IPAP may well be significantly greater than the time spent at or near max EPAP. In other words, it's possible that the median IPAP pressure could be 12 cm and the median EPAP pressure could be 7 cm. Now recall that with the AutoSet, if the median IPAP = 12, that meant the median EPAP = 9. And it could be that the difference in median (and 95%) EPAP pressures are allowing more FL to get through.
- min EPAP = 4 cm
max EPAP = 12 cm
min PS = 3 cm
max PS = 5 cm
(note this gives us a comparable EPAP range to the AutoSet's EPAP range if EPR = 3).
To make what I'm saying a bit clearer: The Adapt's auto-EPAP algorithm increases the EPAP for flow limitations, snoring, and groups of two or more closely grouped Hs and OAs. But (and this is an important but) the Adapt algorithm also sets a target minute ventilation value based on the patient's (normal) breathing patterns, and whenever the target minute ventilation falls below 90% of the target value, the IPAP is increased, but EPAP remains fixed. This is how the VPAP Adapt treats central apneas.
Now recall that I'm assuming that you were put on the VPAP Adapt because of some kind of problem with central apneas and I'm also assuming that when you were using the AutoSet, much of that average AHI = 17 was made up of central apneas. [True.] If those are correct assumptions, the fact that VPAP Adapt is successfully treating your central apneas may mean that you are spending more time with the EPAP at or near it's minimum setting while the IPAP is ranging much higher in an effort to keep the minute ventilation volume at the target level. And because EPAP is not running as high as it did (on average) on the AutoSet, you see more flow limitations on the VPAP Adapt.
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